ratatui

This is a patch release that fixes bugs and adds enhancements, including new iterator constructors, List scroll padding, and various rendering improvements. ✨

✨ Release highlights: https://ratatui.rs/highlights/v0262/

Features

• 11b452d (layout) Mark various functions as const by @EdJoPaTo in #951

• 1cff511 (line) Impl Styled for Line by @joshka in #968

  This adds `FromIterator` impls for `Line` and `Text` that allow creating
  `Line` and `Text` instances from iterators of `Span` and `Line`
  instances, respectively.
  
  ```rust
  let line = Line::from_iter(vec!["Hello".blue(), " world!".green()]);
  let line: Line = iter::once("Hello".blue())
      .chain(iter::once(" world!".green()))
      .collect();
  let text = Text::from_iter(vec!["The first line", "The second line"]);
  let text: Text = iter::once("The first line")
      .chain(iter::once("The second line"))
      .collect();
  ```
  

• 654949b (list) Add Scroll Padding to Lists by @CameronBarnes in #958

  Introduces scroll padding, which allows the api user to request that a certain number of ListItems be kept visible above and below the currently selected item while scrolling.
  
  ```rust
  let list = List::new(items).scroll_padding(1);
  ```
  

  Fixes:https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/955

• 26af650 (text) Add push methods for text and line by @joshka in #998

  Adds the following methods to the `Text` and `Line` structs:
  - Text::push_line
  - Text::push_span
  - Line::push_span
  
  This allows for adding lines and spans to a text object without having
  to call methods on the fields directly, which is useful for incremental
  construction of text objects.
  

• b5bdde0 (text) Add FromIterator impls for Line and Text by @joshka in #967

  This adds `FromIterator` impls for `Line` and `Text` that allow creating
  `Line` and `Text` instances from iterators of `Span` and `Line`
  instances, respectively.
  
  ```rust
  let line = Line::from_iter(vec!["Hello".blue(), " world!".green()]);
  let line: Line = iter::once("Hello".blue())
      .chain(iter::once(" world!".green()))
      .collect();
  let text = Text::from_iter(vec!["The first line", "The second line"]);
  let text: Text = iter::once("The first line")
      .chain(iter::once("The second line"))
      .collect();
  ```
  

• 12f67e8 (uncategorized) Impl Widget for &str and String by @kdheepak in #952

  Currently, `f.render_widget("hello world".bold(), area)` works but
  `f.render_widget("hello world", area)` doesn't. This PR changes that my
  implementing `Widget` for `&str` and `String`. This makes it easier to
  render strings with no styles as widgets.
  
  Example usage:
  
  ```rust
  terminal.draw(|f| f.render_widget("Hello World!", f.size()))?;
  ```
  
  ---------
  

Bug Fixes

• 0207160 (line) Line truncation respects alignment by @TadoTheMiner in #987

  When rendering a `Line`, the line will be truncated:
  - on the right for left aligned lines
  - on the left for right aligned lines
  - on bot sides for centered lines
  
  E.g. "Hello World" will be rendered as "Hello", "World", "lo wo" for
  left, right, centered lines respectively.
  

  Fixes:https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/932

• c56f49b (list) Saturating_sub to fix highlight_symbol overflow by @mrjackwills in #949

  An overflow (pedantically an underflow) can occur if the
  highlight_symbol is a multi-byte char, and area is reduced to a size
  less than that char length.
  

• b7778e5 (paragraph) Unit test typo by @joshka in #1022

• 943c043 (scrollbar) Dont render on 0 length track by @EdJoPaTo in #964

  Fixes a panic when `track_length - 1` is used. (clamp panics on `-1.0`
  being smaller than `0.0`)
  

• 742a5ea (text) Fix panic when rendering out of bounds by @joshka in #997

  Previously it was possible to cause a panic when rendering to an area
  outside of the buffer bounds. Instead this now correctly renders nothing
  to the buffer.
  

• f6c4e44 (uncategorized) Ensure that paragraph correctly renders styled text by @joshka in #992

  Paragraph was ignoring the new `Text::style` field added in 0.26.0
  

  Fixes:https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/990

• 35e971f (uncategorized) Scrollbar thumb not visible on long lists by @ThomasMiz in #959

  When displaying somewhat-long lists, the `Scrollbar` widget sometimes did not display a thumb character, and only the track will be visible.
  

Refactor

• 6fd5f63 (lint) Prefer idiomatic for loops by @EdJoPaTo

• 37b957c (lints) Add lints to scrollbar by @EdJoPaTo

• c12bcfe (non-src) Apply pedantic lints by @EdJoPaTo in #976

  Fixes many not yet enabled lints (mostly pedantic) on everything that is
  not the lib (examples, benches, tests). Therefore, this is not containing
  anything that can be a breaking change.
  
  Lints are not enabled as that should be the job of #974. I created this
  as a separate PR as it's mostly independent and would only clutter up the
  diff of #974 even more.
  
  Also see
  https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/974#discussion_r1506458743
  
  ---------
  

• 8719608 (span) Rename to_aligned_line into into_aligned_line by @EdJoPaTo in #993

  With the Rust method naming conventions these methods are into methods
  consuming the Span. Therefore, it's more consistent to use `into_`
  instead of `to_`.
  
  ```rust
  Span::to_centered_line
  Span::to_left_aligned_line
  Span::to_right_aligned_line
  ```
  
  Are marked deprecated and replaced with the following
  
  ```rust
  Span::into_centered_line
  Span::into_left_aligned_line
  Span::into_right_aligned_line
  ```
  

• b831c56 (widget-ref) Clippy::needless_pass_by_value by @EdJoPaTo

• 359204c (uncategorized) Simplify to io::Result by @EdJoPaTo in #1016

  Simplifies the code, logic stays exactly the same.
  

• 8e68db9 (uncategorized) Remove pointless default on internal structs by @EdJoPaTo in #980

  See #978

Also remove other derives. They are unused and just slow down compilation.

• 3be189e (uncategorized) Clippy::thread_local_initializer_can_be_made_const by @EdJoPaTo

  enabled by default on nightly
  

• 5c4efac (uncategorized) Clippy::map_err_ignore by @EdJoPaTo

• bbb6d65 (uncategorized) Clippy::else_if_without_else by @EdJoPaTo

• fdb14dc (uncategorized) Clippy::redundant_type_annotations by @EdJoPaTo

• 9b3b23a (uncategorized) Remove literal suffix by @EdJoPaTo

  it's not needed and can just be assumed
  

  related:clippy::(un)separated_literal_suffix

• 58b6e0b (uncategorized) Clippy::should_panic_without_expect by @EdJoPaTo

• c870a41 (uncategorized) Clippy::many_single_char_names by @EdJoPaTo

• a6036ad (uncategorized) Clippy::similar_names by @EdJoPaTo

• 060d26b (uncategorized) Clippy::match_same_arms by @EdJoPaTo

• fcbea9e (uncategorized) Clippy::uninlined_format_args by @EdJoPaTo

• 14b24e7 (uncategorized) Clippy::if_not_else by @EdJoPaTo

• 5ed1f43 (uncategorized) Clippy::redundant_closure_for_method_calls by @EdJoPaTo

• c8c7924 (uncategorized) Clippy::too_many_lines by @EdJoPaTo

• e3afe7c (uncategorized) Clippy::unreadable_literal by @EdJoPaTo

• a1f54de (uncategorized) Clippy::bool_to_int_with_if by @EdJoPaTo

• b8ea190 (uncategorized) Clippy::cast_lossless by @EdJoPaTo

• 0de5238 (uncategorized) Dead_code by @EdJoPaTo

  enabled by default, only detected by nightly yet
  

• df5dddf (uncategorized) Unused_imports by @EdJoPaTo

  enabled by default, only detected on nightly yet
  

• f1398ae (uncategorized) Clippy::useless_vec by @EdJoPaTo

  Lint enabled by default but only nightly finds this yet
  

• 525848f (uncategorized) Manually apply clippy::use_self for impl with lifetimes by @EdJoPaTo

• 660c718 (uncategorized) Clippy::empty_line_after_doc_comments by @EdJoPaTo

• ab951fa (uncategorized) Clippy::return_self_not_must_use by @EdJoPaTo

• 3cd4369 (uncategorized) Clippy::doc_markdown by @EdJoPaTo

• 9bc014d (uncategorized) Clippy::items_after_statements by @EdJoPaTo

• 36a0cd5 (uncategorized) Clippy::deref_by_slicing by @EdJoPaTo

• f7f6692 (uncategorized) Clippy::equatable_if_let by @EdJoPaTo

• 01418eb (uncategorized) Clippy::default_trait_access by @EdJoPaTo

• 8536760 (uncategorized) Clippy::inefficient_to_string by @EdJoPaTo

• a558b19 (uncategorized) Clippy::implicit_clone by @EdJoPaTo

• 5b00e3a (uncategorized) Clippy::use_self by @EdJoPaTo

• 27680c0 (uncategorized) Clippy::semicolon_if_nothing_returned by @EdJoPaTo

Documentation

• 14461c3 (breaking-changes) Typos and markdownlint by @EdJoPaTo in #1009

• d0067c8 (license) Update copyright years by @orhun in #962

• 88bfb5a (text) Update Text and Line docs by @joshka in #969

• 3b002fd (uncategorized) Update incompatible code warning in examples readme by @joshka in #1013

Performance

• e02f476 (borders) Allow border!() in const by @EdJoPaTo in #977

  This allows more compiler optimizations when the macro is used.
  

• 541f0f9 (cell) Use const CompactString::new_inline by @EdJoPaTo in #979

  Some minor find when messing around trying to `const` all the things.
  
  While `reset()` and `default()` can not be `const` it's still a benefit
  when their contents are.
  

• 65e7923 (scrollbar) Const creation by @EdJoPaTo in #963

  A bunch of `const fn` allow for more performance and `Default` now uses the `const` new implementations.
  

• 8195f52 (uncategorized) Clippy::needless_pass_by_value by @EdJoPaTo

• 183c07e (uncategorized) Clippy::trivially_copy_pass_by_ref by @EdJoPaTo

• a13867f (uncategorized) Clippy::cloned_instead_of_copied by @EdJoPaTo

• 3834374 (uncategorized) Clippy::missing_const_for_fn by @EdJoPaTo

Miscellaneous Tasks

• 125ee92 (docs) Fix: fix typos in crate documentation by @orhun in #1002

• 38c17e0 (editorconfig) Set and apply some defaults by @EdJoPaTo

• 07da90a (funding) Add eth address for receiving funds from drips.network by @BenJam in #994

• 078e97e (github) Add EdJoPaTo as a maintainer by @orhun in #986

• b0314c5 (uncategorized) Remove conventional commit check for PR by @Valentin271 in #950

  This removes conventional commit check for PRs.
  
  Since we use the PR title and description this is useless. It fails a
  lot of time and we ignore it.
  
  IMPORTANT NOTE: This does **not** mean Ratatui abandons conventional
  commits. This only relates to commits in PRs.
  

Build

• 6e6ba27 (lint) Warn on pedantic and allow the rest by @EdJoPaTo

• c4ce7e8 (uncategorized) Enable more satisfied lints by @EdJoPaTo

  These lints dont generate warnings and therefore dont need refactoring.
  I think they are useful in the future.
  

• a4e84a6 (uncategorized) Increase msrv to 1.74.0 by @EdJoPaTo [breaking]

  configure lints in Cargo.toml requires 1.74.0
  

  BREAKING CHANGE:rust 1.74 is required now

New Contributors

• @TadoTheMiner made their first contribution in #987
• @BenJam made their first contribution in #994
• @CameronBarnes made their first contribution in #958
• @ThomasMiz made their first contribution in #959

Full Changelog: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/compare/v0.26.1...0.26.2

This is a patch release that fixes bugs and adds enhancements, including new iterators, title options for blocks, and various rendering improvements. ✨

Features

• 74a0511 (rect) Add Rect::positions iterator (#928)

  Useful for performing some action on all the cells in a particular area.
  E.g.,
  
  ```rust
  fn render(area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
     for position in area.positions() {
          buf.get_mut(position.x, position.y).set_symbol("x");
      }
  }
  ```
  

• 9182f47 (uncategorized) Add Block::title_top and Block::title_top_bottom (#940)

  This adds the ability to add titles to the top and bottom of a block
  without having to use the `Title` struct (which will be removed in a
  future release - likely v0.28.0).
  
  Fixes a subtle bug if the title was created from a right aligned Line
  and was also right aligned. The title would be rendered one cell too far
  to the right.
  
  ```rust
  Block::bordered()
      .title_top(Line::raw("A").left_aligned())
      .title_top(Line::raw("B").centered())
      .title_top(Line::raw("C").right_aligned())
      .title_bottom(Line::raw("D").left_aligned())
      .title_bottom(Line::raw("E").centered())
      .title_bottom(Line::raw("F").right_aligned())
      .render(buffer.area, &mut buffer);
  // renders
  "┌A─────B─────C┐",
  "│             │",
  "└D─────E─────F┘",
  ```
  
  Addresses part of https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/738
  

Bug Fixes

• 2202059 (block) Fix crash on empty right aligned title (#933)

  - Simplified implementation of the rendering for block.
  - Introduces a subtle rendering change where centered titles that are
    odd in length will now be rendered one character to the left compared
    to before. This aligns with other places that we render centered text
    and is a more consistent behavior. See
    https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/807#discussion_r1455645954
    for another example of this.
  

  Fixes: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/929

• 14c67fb (list) Highlight symbol when using a multi-bytes char (#924)

  ratatui v0.26.0 brought a regression in the List widget, in which the
  highlight symbol width was incorrectly calculated - specifically when
  the highlight symbol was a multi-char character, e.g. `▶`.
  

• 0dcdbea (paragraph) Render Line::styled correctly inside a paragraph (#930)

  Renders the styled graphemes of the line instead of the contained spans.
  

• fae5862 (uncategorized) Ensure that buffer::set_line sets the line style (#926)

  Fixes a regression in 0.26 where buffer::set_line was no longer setting
  the style. This was due to the new style field on Line instead of being
  stored only in the spans.
  
  Also adds a configuration for just running unit tests to bacon.toml.
  

• fbb5dfa (uncategorized) Scrollbar rendering when no track symbols are provided (#911)

Refactor

• c3fb258 (rect) Move iters to module and add docs (#927)

• e51ca6e (uncategorized) Finish tidying up table (#942)

• 91040c0 (uncategorized) Rearrange block structure (#939)

Documentation

• 61a8278 (canvas) Add documentation to canvas module (#913)

  Document the whole `canvas` module. With this, the whole `widgets`
  module is documented.
  

• d2d91f7 (changelog) Add sponsors section (#908)

• 410d08b (uncategorized) Add link to FOSDEM 2024 talk (#944)

• 1f208ff (uncategorized) Add GitHub Sponsors badge (#943)

Performance

• 0963463 (uncategorized) Use drain instead of remove in chart examples (#922)

Miscellaneous Tasks

• a4892ad (uncategorized) Fix typo in docsrs example (#946)

• 18870ce (uncategorized) Fix the method name for setting the Line style (#947)

• 8fb4630 (uncategorized) Remove github action bot that makes comments nudging commit signing (#937)

  We can consider reverting this commit once this PR is merged:
  https://github.com/1Password/check-signed-commits-action/pull/9
  

Contributors

Thank you so much to everyone that contributed to this release!

Here is the list of contributors who have contributed to ratatui for the first time!

• @mo8it
• @m4rch3n1ng

We are excited to announce the new version of ratatui - a Rust library that's all about cooking up TUIs 🐭

In this version, we have primarily focused on simplifications and quality-of-life improvements for providing a more intuitive and user-friendly experience while building TUIs.

✨ Release highlights: https://ratatui.rs/highlights/v026/

⚠️ List of breaking changes can be found here.

💖 Consider sponsoring us at https://github.com/sponsors/ratatui!

Features

• 79ceb9f (line) Add alignment convenience functions (#856)

  This adds convenience functions `left_aligned()`, `centered()` and
  `right_aligned()` plus unit tests. Updated example code.
  

• 0df9354 (padding) Add new constructors for padding (#828)

  Adds `proportional`, `symmetric`, `left`, `right`, `top`, and `bottom`
  constructors for Padding struct.
  
  Proportional is
  ```
  /// **NOTE**: Terminal cells are often taller than they are wide, so to make horizontal and vertical
  /// padding seem equal, doubling the horizontal padding is usually pretty good.
  ```
  

  Fixes:https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/798

• d726e92 (paragraph) Add alignment convenience functions (#866)

  Added convenience functions left_aligned(), centered() and
  right_aligned() plus unit tests. Updated example code.
  

• c1ed5c3 (span) Add alignment functions (#873)

  Implemented functions that convert Span into a
  left-/center-/right-aligned Line. Implemented unit tests.
  

  Closes #853

• b80264d (text) Add alignment convenience functions (#862)

  Adds convenience functions `left_aligned()`, `centered()` and
  `right_aligned()` plus unit tests.
  

• 23f6938 (block) Add Block::bordered (#736)

  This avoid creating a block with no borders and then settings Borders::ALL. i.e.
  
  ```diff
  - Block::default().borders(Borders::ALL);
  + Block::bordered();
  ```
  

• ffd5fc7 (color) Add Color::from_u32 constructor (#785)

  Convert a u32 in the format 0x00RRGGBB to a Color.
  
  ```rust
  let white = Color::from_u32(0x00FFFFFF);
  let black = Color::from_u32(0x00000000);
  ```
  

• 4f2db82 (color) Use the FromStr implementation for deserialization (#705)

  The deserialize implementation for Color used to support only the enum
  names (e.g. Color, LightRed, etc.) With this change, you can use any of
  the strings supported by the FromStr implementation (e.g. black,
  light-red, #00ff00, etc.)
  

• 1cbe1f5 (constraints) Rename Constraint::Proportional to Constraint::Fill (#880)

  Constraint::Fill is a more intuitive name for the behavior, and it is shorter.

  Resolves #859

• dfd6db9 (demo2) Add destroy mode to celebrate commit 1000! (#809)

  ```shell
  cargo run --example demo2 --features="crossterm widget-calendar"
  ```
  
  Press `d` to activate destroy mode and Enjoy!
  
  ![Destroy
  Demo2](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/blob/1d39444e3dea6f309cf9035be2417ac711c1abc9/examples/demo2-destroy.gif?raw=true)
  
  Vendors a copy of tui-big-text to allow us to use it in the demo.
  

• 540fd2d (layout) Change Flex::default() (#881) [breaking]

  This PR makes a number of simplifications to the layout and constraint
  features that were added after v0.25.0.
  
  For users upgrading from v0.25.0, the net effect of this PR (along with
  the other PRs) is the following:
  
  - New `Flex` modes have been added.
    - `Flex::Start` (new default)
    - `Flex::Center`
    - `Flex::End`
    - `Flex::SpaceAround`
    - `Flex::SpaceBetween`
    - `Flex::Legacy` (old default)
  - `Min(v)` grows to allocate excess space in all `Flex` modes instead of
  shrinking (except in `Flex::Legacy` where it retains old behavior).
  - `Fill(1)` grows to allocate excess space, growing equally with
  `Min(v)`.
  
  ---
  
  The following contains a summary of the changes in this PR and the
  motivation behind them.
  
  **`Flex`**
  
  - Removes `Flex::Stretch`
  - Renames `Flex::StretchLast` to `Flex::Legacy`
  
  **`Constraint`**
  
  - Removes `Fixed`
  - Makes `Min(v)` grow as much as possible everywhere (except
  `Flex::Legacy` where it retains the old behavior)
  - Makes `Min(v)` grow equally as `Fill(1)` while respecting `Min` lower
  bounds. When `Fill` and `Min` are used together, they both fill excess
  space equally.
  
  Allowing `Min(v)` to grow still allows users to build the same layouts
  as before with `Flex::Start` with no breaking changes to the behavior.
  
  This PR also removes the unstable feature `SegmentSize`.
  
  This is a breaking change to the behavior of constraints. If users want
  old behavior, they can use `Flex::Legacy`.
  
  ```rust
  Layout::vertical([Length(25), Length(25)]).flex(Flex::Legacy)
  ```
  
  Users that have constraint that exceed the available space will probably
  not see any difference or see an improvement in their layouts. Any
  layout with `Min` will be identical in `Flex::Start` and `Flex::Legacy`
  so any layout with `Min` will not be breaking.
  
  Previously, `Table` used `EvenDistribution` internally by default, but
  with that gone the default is now `Flex::Start`. This changes the
  behavior of `Table` (for the better in most cases). The only way for
  users to get exactly the same as the old behavior is to change their
  constraints. I imagine most users will be happier out of the box with
  the new Table default.
  
  Resolves https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/843
  
  Thanks to `@joshka` for the direction
  

• bbcfa55 (layout) Add Rect::contains method (#882)

  This is useful for performing hit tests (i.e. did the user click in an
  area).
  

• 736605e (layout) Add default impl for Position (#869)

• 1e75596 (layout) Increase default cache size to 500 (#850)

  This is a somewhat arbitrary size for the layout cache based on adding
  the columns and rows on my laptop's terminal (171+51 = 222) and doubling
  it for good measure and then adding a bit more to make it a round
  number. This gives enough entries to store a layout for every row and
  every column, twice over, which should be enough for most apps. For
  those that need more, the cache size can be set with
  `Layout::init_cache()`.
  

  Fixes:https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/820

• 2819eea (layout) Add Position struct (#790)

  This stores the x and y coordinates (columns and rows)
  
  - add conversions from Rect
  - add conversion with Size to Rect
  - add Rect::as_position
  

• 1561d64 (layout) Add Rect -> Size conversion methods (#789)

  - add Size::new() constructor
  - add Rect::as_size()
  - impl From<Rect> for Size
  - document and add tests for Size
  

• f13fd73 (layout) Add Rect::clamp() method (#749)

  * feat(layout): add a Rect::clamp() method
  
  This ensures a rectangle does not end up outside an area. This is useful
  when you want to be able to dynamically move a rectangle around, but
  keep it constrained to a certain area.
  
  For example, this can be used to implement a draggable window that can
  be moved around, but not outside the terminal window.
  
  ```rust
  let window_area = Rect::new(state.x, state.y, 20, 20).clamp(area);
  state.x = rect.x;
  state.y = rect.y;
  ```
  
  * refactor: use rstest to simplify clamp test
  
  * fix: use rstest description instead of string
  
  test layout::rect::tests::clamp::case_01_inside ... ok
  test layout::rect::tests::clamp::case_02_up_left ... ok
  test layout::rect::tests::clamp::case_04_up_right ... ok
  test layout::rect::tests::clamp::case_05_left ... ok
  test layout::rect::tests::clamp::case_03_up ... ok
  test layout::rect::tests::clamp::case_06_right ... ok
  test layout::rect::tests::clamp::case_07_down_left ... ok
  test layout::rect::tests::clamp::case_08_down ... ok
  test layout::rect::tests::clamp::case_09_down_right ... ok
  test layout::rect::tests::clamp::case_10_too_wide ... ok
  test layout::rect::tests::clamp::case_11_too_tall ... ok
  test layout::rect::tests::clamp::case_12_too_large ... ok
  
  * fix: less ambiguous docs for this / other rect
  
  * fix: move rstest to dev deps
  

• 98bcf1c (layout) Add Rect::split method (#729)

  This method splits a Rect and returns a fixed-size array of the
  resulting Rects. This allows the caller to use array destructuring
  to get the individual Rects.
  
  ```rust
  use Constraint::*;
  let layout = &Layout::vertical([Length(1), Min(0)]);
  let [top, main] = area.split(&layout);
  ```
  

• 0494ee5 (layout) Accept Into<Constraint> for constructors (#744)

  This allows Layout constructors to accept any type that implements
  Into<Constraint> instead of just AsRef<Constraint>. This is useful when
  you want to specify a fixed size for a layout, but don't want to
  explicitly create a Constraint::Length yourself.
  
  ```rust
  Layout::new(Direction::Vertical, [1, 2, 3]);
  Layout::horizontal([1, 2, 3]);
  Layout::vertical([1, 2, 3]);
  Layout::default().constraints([1, 2, 3]);
  ```
  

• 7ab12ed (layout) Add horizontal and vertical constructors (#728)

  * feat(layout): add vertical and horizontal constructors
  
  This commit adds two new constructors to the `Layout` struct, which
  allow the user to create a vertical or horizontal layout with default
  values.
  
  ```rust
  let layout = Layout::vertical([
      Constraint::Length(10),
      Constraint::Min(5),
      Constraint::Length(10),
  ]);
  
  let layout = Layout::horizontal([
      Constraint::Length(10),
      Constraint::Min(5),
      Constraint::Length(10),
  ]);
  ```
  

• 4278b40 (line) Implement iterators for Line (#896)

  This allows iterating over the `Span`s of a line using `for` loops and
  other iterator methods.
  
  - add `iter` and `iter_mut` methods to `Line`
  - implement `IntoIterator` for `Line`, `&Line`, and `&mut Line` traits
  - update call sites to iterate over `Line` rather than `Line::spans`
  

• 5d410c6 (line) Implement Widget for Line (#715)

  This allows us to use Line as a child of other widgets, and to use
  Line::render() to render it rather than calling buffer.set_line().
  
  ```rust
  frame.render_widget(Line::raw("Hello, world!"), area);
  // or
  Line::raw("Hello, world!").render(frame, area);
  ```
  

• c977293 (line) Add style field, setters and docs (#708) [breaking]

  - The `Line` struct now stores the style of the line rather than each
    `Span` storing it.
  - Adds two new setters for style and spans
  - Adds missing docs
  

  BREAKING CHANGE:Line::style is now a field of Line instead of being stored in each Span.

• bbf2f90 (rect.rs) Implement Rows and Columns iterators in Rect (#765)

  This enables iterating over rows and columns of a Rect. In tern being able to use that with other iterators and simplify looping over cells.
  

• fe06f0c (serde) Support TableState, ListState, and ScrollbarState (#723)

  TableState, ListState, and ScrollbarState can now be serialized and deserialized
  using serde.
  
  ```rust
  #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
  struct AppState {
      list_state: ListState,
      table_state: TableState,
      scrollbar_state: ScrollbarState,
  }
  
  let app_state = AppState::default();
  let serialized = serde_json::to_string(app_state);
  
  let app_state = serde_json::from_str(serialized);
  ```
  

• 37c1836 (span) Implement Widget on Span (#709)

  This allows us to use Span as a child of other widgets, and to use
  Span::render() to render it rather than calling buffer.set_span().
  
  ```rust
  frame.render_widget(Span::raw("Hello, world!"), area);
  // or
  Span::raw("Hello, world!").render(frame, area);
  // or even
  "Hello, world!".green().render(frame, area);
  ```
  

• e1e85aa (style) Add material design color palette (#786)

  The `ratatui::style::palette::material` module contains the Google 2014
  Material Design palette.
  
  See https://m2.material.io/design/color/the-color-system.html#tools-for-picking-colors
  for more information.
  
  ```rust
  use ratatui::style::palette::material::BLUE_GRAY;
  Line::styled("Hello", BLUE_GRAY.c500);
  ```
  

• bf67850 (style) Add tailwind color palette (#787)

  The `ratatui::style::palette::tailwind` module contains the default
  Tailwind color palette. This is useful for styling components with
  colors that match the Tailwind color palette.
  
  See https://tailwindcss.com/docs/customizing-colors for more information
  on Tailwind.
  
  ```rust
  use ratatui::style::palette::tailwind::SLATE;
  Line::styled("Hello", SLATE.c500);
  ```
  

• 27e9216 (table) Remove allow deprecated attribute used previously for segment_size ✨ (#875)

• a489d85 (table) Deprecate SegmentSize on table (#842)

  This adds for table:
  
  - Added new flex method with flex field
  - Deprecated segment_size method and removed segment_size field
  - Updated documentation
  - Updated tests
  

• c69ca47 (table) Collect iterator of Row into Table (#774) [breaking]

  Any iterator whose item is convertible into `Row` can now be
  collected into a `Table`.
  
  Where previously, `Table::new` accepted `IntoIterator<Item = Row>`, it
  now accepts `IntoIterator<Item: Into<Row>>`.
  

  BREAKING CHANGE:The compiler can no longer infer the element type of the container passed to Table::new(). For example, Table::new(vec![], widths) will no longer compile, as the type of vec![] can no longer be inferred.

• 2faa879 (table) Accept Text for highlight_symbol (#781)

  This allows for multi-line symbols to be used as the highlight symbol.
  
  ```rust
  let table = Table::new(rows, widths)
      .highlight_symbol(Text::from(vec![
          "".into(),
          " █ ".into(),
          " █ ".into(),
          "".into(),
      ]));
  ```
  

• e64e194 (table) Implement FromIterator for widgets::Row (#755)

  The `Row::new` constructor accepts a single argument that implements
  `IntoIterator`.  This commit adds an implementation of `FromIterator`,
  as a thin wrapper around `Row::new`.  This allows `.collect::<Row>()`
  to be used at the end of an iterator chain, rather than wrapping the
  entire iterator chain in `Row::new`.
  

• 803a72d (table) Accept Into<Constraint> for widths (#745)

  This allows Table constructors to accept any type that implements
  Into<Constraint> instead of just AsRef<Constraint>. This is useful when
  you want to specify a fixed size for a table columns, but don't want to
  explicitly create a Constraint::Length yourself.
  
  ```rust
  Table::new(rows, [1,2,3])
  Table::default().widths([1,2,3])
  ```
  

• f025d2b (table) Add Table::footer and Row::top_margin methods (#722)

  * feat(table): Add a Table::footer method
  

• f29c73f (tabs) Accept Iterators of Line in constructors (#776) [breaking]

  Any iterator whose item is convertible into `Line` can now be
  collected into `Tabs`.
  
  In addition, where previously `Tabs::new` required a `Vec`, it can now
  accept any object that implements `IntoIterator` with an item type
  implementing `Into<Line>`.
  

  BREAKING CHANGE:Calls to Tabs::new() whose argument is collected from an iterator will no longer compile. For example,

  Tabs::new(["a","b"].into_iter().collect()) will no longer compile, because the return type of .collect() can no longer be inferred to be a Vec<_>.

• b459228 (termwiz) Add From termwiz style impls (#726)

  Important note: this also fixes a wrong mapping between ratatui's gray
  and termwiz's grey. `ratatui::Color::Gray` now maps to
  `termwiz::color::AnsiColor::Silver`
  

• 9ba7354 (text) Implement iterators for Text (#900)

  This allows iterating over the `Lines`s of a text using `for` loops and
  other iterator methods.
  
  - add `iter` and `iter_mut` methods to `Text`
  - implement `IntoIterator` for `Text`, `&Text`, and `&mut Text` traits
  - update call sites to iterate over `Text` rather than `Text::lines`
  

• 68d5783 (text) Add style and alignment (#807)

  Fixes #758, fixes #801

This PR adds:

• style and alignment to Text
• impl Widget for Text
• replace Text manual draw to call for Widget impl

All places that use Text have been updated and support its new features expect paragraph which still has a custom implementation.

• 815757f (widgets) Implement Widget for Widget refs (#833)

  Many widgets can be rendered without changing their state.
  
  This commit implements The `Widget` trait for references to
  widgets and changes their implementations to be immutable.
  
  This allows us to render widgets without consuming them by passing a ref
  to the widget when calling `Frame::render_widget()`.
  
  ```rust
  // this might be stored in a struct
  let paragraph = Paragraph::new("Hello world!");
  
  let [left, right] = area.split(&Layout::horizontal([20, 20]));
  frame.render_widget(&paragraph, left);
  frame.render_widget(&paragraph, right); // we can reuse the widget
  ```
  
  Implemented for all widgets except BarChart (which has an implementation
  that modifies the internal state and requires a rewrite to fix.
  
  Other widgets will be implemented in follow up commits.
  

  Fixes:https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/discussions/164 Replaces PRs: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/122 and

  https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/16

  Enables:https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/132 Validated as a viable working solution by:

  https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/836

• eb79256 (widgets) Collect iterator of ListItem into List (#775)

  Any iterator whose item is convertible into `ListItem` can now be
  collected into a `List`.
  
  ```rust
  let list: List = (0..3).map(|i| format!("Item{i}")).collect();
  ```
  

• c8dd879 (uncategorized) Add WidgetRef and StatefulWidgetRef traits (#903)

  The Widget trait consumes self, which makes it impossible to use in a
  boxed context. Previously we implemented the Widget trait for &T, but
  this was not enough to render a boxed widget. We now have a new trait
  called `WidgetRef` that allows rendering a widget by reference. This
  trait is useful when you want to store a reference to one or more
  widgets and render them later. Additionally this makes it possible to
  render boxed widgets where the type is not known at compile time (e.g.
  in a composite layout with multiple panes of different types).
  
  This change also adds a new trait called `StatefulWidgetRef` which is
  the stateful equivalent of `WidgetRef`.
  
  Both new traits are gated behind the `unstable-widget-ref` feature flag
  as we may change the exact name / approach a little on this based on
  further discussion.
  
  Blanket implementation of `Widget` for `&W` where `W` implements
  `WidgetRef` and `StatefulWidget` for `&W` where `W` implements
  `StatefulWidgetRef` is provided. This allows you to render a widget by
  reference and a stateful widget by reference.
  
  A blanket implementation of `WidgetRef` for `Option<W>` where `W`
  implements `WidgetRef` is provided. This makes it easier to render
  child widgets that are optional without the boilerplate of unwrapping
  the option. Previously several widgets implemented this manually. This
  commits expands the pattern to apply to all widgets.
  
  ```rust
  struct Parent {
      child: Option<Child>,
  }
  
  impl WidgetRef for Parent {
      fn render_ref(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
          self.child.render_ref(area, buf);
      }
  }
  ```
  
  ```rust
  let widgets: Vec<Box<dyn WidgetRef>> = vec![Box::new(Greeting), Box::new(Farewell)];
  for widget in widgets {
      widget.render_ref(buf.area, &mut buf);
  }
  assert_eq!(buf, Buffer::with_lines(["Hello        Goodbye"]));
  ```
  

• 87bf1dd (uncategorized) Replace Rect::split with Layout::areas and spacers (#904)

  In a recent commit we added Rec::split, but this feels more ergonomic as
  Layout::areas. This also adds Layout::spacers to get the spacers between
  the areas.
  

• dab08b9 (uncategorized) Show space constrained UIs conditionally (#895)

  With this PR the constraint explorer demo only shows space constrained
  UIs instead:
  
  Smallest (15 row height):
  
  <img width="759" alt="image"
  src="https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/assets/1813121/37a4a027-6c6d-4feb-8104-d732aee298ac">
  
  Small (20 row height):
  
  <img width="759" alt="image"
  src="https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/assets/1813121/f76e025f-0061-4f09-9c91-2f7b00fcfb9e">
  
  Medium (30 row height):
  
  <img width="758" alt="image"
  src="https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/assets/1813121/81b070da-1bfb-40c5-9fbc-c1ab44ce422e">
  
  Full (40 row height):
  
  <img width="760" alt="image"
  src="https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/assets/1813121/7bb8a8c4-1a77-4bbc-a346-c8b5c198c6d3">
  

• 2a12f7b (uncategorized) Impl Widget for &BarChart (#897)

  BarChart had some internal mutations that needed to be removed to
  implement the Widget trait for &BarChart to bring it in line with the
  other widgets.
  

• 9ec43ef (uncategorized) Constraint Explorer example (#893)

  Here's a constraint explorer demo put together with `@joshka`
  

  https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/assets/1813121/08d7d8f6-d013-44b4-8331-f4eee3589cce

It allows users to interactive explore how the constraints behave with respect to each other and compare that across flex modes. It allows users to swap constraints out for other constraints, increment or decrement the values, add and remove constraints, and add spacing

It is also a good example for how to structure a simple TUI with several Ratatui code patterns that are useful for refactoring.

Fixes:https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/792

---

• 4ee4e6d (uncategorized) Make spacing work in Flex::SpaceAround and Flex::SpaceBetween (#892)

  This PR implements user provided spacing gaps for `SpaceAround` and
  `SpaceBetween`.
  

  https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/assets/1813121/2e260708-e8a7-48ef-aec7-9cf84b655e91

Now user provided spacing gaps always take priority in all Flex modes.

• dd5ca3a (uncategorized) Better weights for constraints (#889)

  This PR is a split of reworking the weights from #888
  
  This keeps the same ranking of weights, just uses a different numerical
  value so that the lowest weight is `WEAK` (`1.0`).
  
  No tests are changed as a result of this change, and running the
  following multiple times did not cause any errors for me:
  
  ```rust
  for i in {0..100}
  do
   cargo test --lib --
   if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
   echo "Test failed. Exiting loop."
   break
   fi
  done
  ```
  

• aeec163 (uncategorized) Change rounding to make tests stable (#888)

  This fixes some unstable tests
  

• be4fdaa (uncategorized) Change priority of constraints and add split_with_spacers ✨ (#788)

  Follow up to https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/783
  
  This PR introduces different priorities for each kind of constraint.
  This PR also adds tests that specifies this behavior. This PR resolves a
  number of broken tests.
  
  Fixes https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/827
  
  With this PR, the layout algorithm will do the following in order:
  
  1. Ensure that all the segments are within the user provided area and
  ensure that all segments and spacers are aligned next to each other
  2. if a user provides a `layout.spacing`, it will enforce it.
  3. ensure proportional elements are all proportional to each other
  4. if a user provides a `Fixed(v)` constraint, it will enforce it.
  5. `Min` / `Max` binding inequality constraints
  6. `Length`
  7. `Percentage`
  8. `Ratio`
  9. collapse `Min` or collapse `Max`
  10. grow `Proportional` as much as possible
  11. grow spacers as much as possible
  
  This PR also returns the spacer areas as `Rects` to the user. Users can
  then draw into the spacers as they see fit (thanks `@joshka` for the
  idea). Here's a screenshot with the modified flex example:
  
  <img width="569" alt="image"
  src="https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/assets/1813121/46c8901d-882c-43b0-ba87-b1d455099d8f">
  
  This PR introduces a `strengths` module that has "default" weights that
  give stable solutions as well as predictable behavior.
  

• d713201 (uncategorized) Add Color::from_hsl ✨ (#772)

  This PR adds `Color::from_hsl` that returns a valid `Color::Rgb`.
  
  ```rust
  let color: Color = Color::from_hsl(360.0, 100.0, 100.0);
  assert_eq!(color, Color::Rgb(255, 255, 255));
  
  let color: Color = Color::from_hsl(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
  assert_eq!(color, Color::Rgb(0, 0, 0));
  ```
  
  HSL stands for Hue (0-360 deg), Saturation (0-100%), and Lightness
  (0-100%) and working with HSL the values can be more intuitive. For
  example, if you want to make a red color more orange, you can change the
  Hue closer toward yellow on the color wheel (i.e. increase the Hue).
  

  Related #763

• 405a125 (uncategorized) Add wide and tall proportional border set (#848)

  Adds `PROPORTIONAL_WIDE` and `PROPORTIONAL_TALL` border sets.
  

  symbols::border::PROPORTIONAL_WIDE

▄▄▄▄
█xx█
█xx█
▀▀▀▀

symbols::border::PROPORTIONAL_TALL

█▀▀█
█xx█
█xx█
█▄▄█

Fixes:https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/834

• 9df6ceb (uncategorized) Table column calculation uses layout spacing ✨ (#824)

  This uses the new `spacing` feature of the `Layout` struct to allocate
  columns spacing in the `Table` widget.
  This changes the behavior of the table column layout in the following
  ways:
  
  1. Selection width is always allocated.
  - if a user does not want a selection width ever they should use
  `HighlightSpacing::Never`
  2. Column spacing is prioritized over other constraints
  - if a user does not want column spacing, they should use
  `Table::new(...).column_spacing(0)`
  
  ---------
  

• f299463 (uncategorized) Add one eighth wide and tall border sets ✨ (#831)

  This PR adds the
  [`McGugan`](https://www.willmcgugan.com/blog/tech/post/ceo-just-wants-to-draw-boxes/)
  border set, which allows for tighter borders.
  
  For example, with the `flex` example you can get this effect (top is
  mcgugan wide, bottom is mcgugan tall):
  
  <img width="759" alt="image"
  src="https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/assets/1813121/756bb50e-f8c3-4eec-abe8-ce358058a526">
  
  <img width="759" alt="image"
  src="https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/assets/1813121/583485ef-9eb2-4b45-ab88-90bd7cb14c54">
  
  As of this PR, `MCGUGAN_WIDE` has to be styled manually, like so:
  
  ```rust
              let main_color = color_for_constraint(*constraint);
              let cell = buf.get_mut(block.x, block.y + 1);
              cell.set_style(Style::reset().fg(main_color).reversed());
              let cell = buf.get_mut(block.x, block.y + 2);
              cell.set_style(Style::reset().fg(main_color).reversed());
              let cell = buf.get_mut(block.x + block.width.saturating_sub(1), block.y + 1);
              cell.set_style(Style::reset().fg(main_color).reversed());
              let cell = buf.get_mut(block.x + block.width.saturating_sub(1), block.y + 2);
              cell.set_style(Style::reset().fg(main_color).reversed());
  
  ```
  
  `MCGUGAN_TALL` has to be styled manually, like so:
  
  ```rust
              let main_color = color_for_constraint(*constraint);
              for x in block.x + 1..(block.x + block.width).saturating_sub(1) {
                  let cell = buf.get_mut(x, block.y);
                  cell.set_style(Style::reset().fg(main_color).reversed());
                  let cell = buf.get_mut(x, block.y + block.height - 1);
                  cell.set_style(Style::reset().fg(main_color).reversed());
              }
  
  ```
  

• ae6a2b0 (uncategorized) Add spacing feature to flex example ✨ (#830)

  This adds the `spacing` using `+` and `-` to the flex example
  

• cddf4b2 (uncategorized) Implement Display for Text, Line, Span (#826)

  Issue:https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/816

This PR adds:

std::fmt::Display for Text, Line, and Span structs.

Display implementation displays actual content while ignoring style.

• 5131c81 (uncategorized) Add layout spacing ✨ (#821)

  This adds a `spacing` feature for layouts.
  
  Spacing can be added between items of a layout.
  

• de97a1f (uncategorized) Add flex to layout ✨

  This PR adds a new way to space elements in a `Layout`.
  
  Loosely based on
  [flexbox](https://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/a-guide-to-flexbox/), this
  PR adds a `Flex` enum with the following variants:
  
  - Start
  - Center
  - End
  - SpaceAround
  - SpaceBetween
  
  <img width="380" alt="image" src="https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/assets/1813121/b744518c-eae7-4e35-bbc4-fe3c95193cde">
  
  It also adds two more variants, to make this backward compatible and to
  make it replace `SegmentSize`:
  
  - StretchLast (default in the `Flex` enum, also behavior matches old
    default `SegmentSize::LastTakesRemainder`)
  - Stretch (behavior matches `SegmentSize::EvenDistribution`)
  
  The `Start` variant from above matches `SegmentSize::None`.
  
  This allows `Flex` to be a complete replacement for `SegmentSize`, hence
  this PR also deprecates the `segment_size` constructor on `Layout`.
  `SegmentSize` is still used in `Table` but under the hood `segment_size`
  maps to `Flex` with all tests passing unchanged.
  
  I also put together a simple example for `Flex` layouts so that I could
  test it visually, shared below:
  

  https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/assets/1813121/c8716c59-493f-4631-add5-feecf4bd4e06

• 9a3815b (uncategorized) Add Constraint::Fixed and Constraint::Proportional ✨ (#783)

• 425a651 (uncategorized) Add comprehensive tests for Length interacting with other constraints ✨ (#802)

• c50ff08 (uncategorized) Add frame count ✨ (#766)

• 8f56fab (uncategorized) Accept Color and Modifier for all Styles (#720) [breaking]

  * feat: accept Color and Modifier for all Styles
  
  All style related methods now accept `S: Into<Style>` instead of
  `Style`.
  `Color` and `Modifier` implement `Into<Style>` so this is allows for
  more ergonomic usage. E.g.:
  
  ```rust
  Line::styled("hello", Style::new().red());
  Line::styled("world", Style::new().bold());
  
  // can now be simplified to
  

  Line::styled("hello", Color::Red);

  Line::styled("world", Modifier::BOLD);

Fixes https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/694

  BREAKING CHANGE:All style related methods now accept `S: Into<Style>`
instead of `Style`. This means that if you are already passing an
ambiguous type that implements `Into<Style>` you will need to remove
the `.into()` call.

`Block` style methods can no longer be called from a const context as
trait functions cannot (yet) be const.

* feat: add tuple conversions to Style

Adds conversions for various Color and Modifier combinations

* chore: add unit tests

### Bug Fixes

- [ee54493](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/commit/ee544931633ada25d84daa95e4e3a0b17801cb8b)
  *(buffer)* Don't panic in set_style ([#714](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/714))

  ````text
  This fixes a panic in set_style when the area to be styled is
  outside the buffer's bounds.

• c959bd2 (calendar) CalendarEventStore panic (#822)

  CalendarEventStore::today() panics if the system's UTC offset cannot be determined. In this circumstance, it's better to use now_utc instead.

• 0614190 (cd) Fix grepping the last release (#762)

• a67815e (chart) Exclude unnamed datasets from legend (#753)

  A dataset with no name won't display an empty line anymore in the legend.
  If no dataset have name, then no legend is ever displayed.
  

• 3e7810a (example) Increase layout cache size (#815)

  This was causing very bad performances especially on scrolling.
  It's also a good usage demonstration.
  

• 50b81c9 (examples/scrollbar) Title wasn't displayed because of background reset (#795)

• b3a57f3 (list) Modify List and List example to support saving offsets. (#667)

  The current `List` example will unselect and reset the position of a
  list.
  
  This PR will save the last selected item, and updates `List` to honor
  its offset, preventing the list from resetting when the user
  `unselect()`s a `StatefulList`.
  

• 6645d2e (table) Ensure that default and new() match (#751) [breaking]

  In https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/660 we introduced the
  segment_size field to the Table struct. However, we forgot to update
  the default() implementation to match the new() implementation. This
  meant that the default() implementation picked up SegmentSize::default()
  instead of SegmentSize::None.
  
  Additionally the introduction of Table::default() in an earlier PR,
  https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/339, was also missing the
  default for the column_spacing field (1).
  
  This commit fixes the default() implementation to match the new()
  implementation of these two fields by implementing the Default trait
  manually.
  

  BREAKING CHANGE:The default() implementation of Table now sets the column_spacing field to 1 and the segment_size field to

  SegmentSize::None. This will affect the rendering of a small amount of apps.

• b0ed658 (table) Render missing widths as equal (#710)

  Previously, if `.widths` was not called before rendering a `Table`, no
  content would render in the area of the table. This commit changes that
  behaviour to default to equal widths for each column.
  

  Fixes #510.

• f71bf18 (uncategorized) Bug with flex stretch with spacing and proportional constraints (#829)

  This PR fixes a bug with layouts when using spacing on proportional
  constraints.
  

• cc6737b (uncategorized) Make SpaceBetween with one element Stretch 🐛 (#813)

  When there's just one element, `SpaceBetween` should do the same thing
  as `Stretch`.
  

• 7a8af8d (uncategorized) Update templates links (#808)

• f2eab71 (uncategorized) Broken tests in table.rs (#784)

  * fix: broken tests in table.rs
  
  * fix: Use default instead of raw
  

• 8dd177a (uncategorized) Fix PR write permission to upload unsigned commit comment (#770)

Refactor

• cf86123 (scrollbar) Rewrite scrollbar implementation (#847)

  Implementation was simplified and calculates the size of the thumb a
  bit more proportionally to the content that is visible.
  

• fd4703c (block) Move padding and title into separate files (#837)

• bc274e2 (block) Remove deprecated title_on_bottom (#757) [breaking]

  Block::title_on_bottom was deprecated in v0.22. Use Block::title and Title::position instead.

• a62632a (buffer) Split buffer module into files (#721)

• e0aa6c5 (chart) Replace deprecated apply (#812)

  Fixes #793

• 7f42ec9 (colors_rgb) Impl widget on mutable refs (#865)

  This commit refactors the colors_rgb example to implement the Widget
  trait on mutable references to the app and its sub-widgets. This allows
  the app to update its state while it is being rendered.
  
  Additionally the main and run functions are refactored to be similar to
  the other recent examples. This uses a pattern where the App struct has
  a `run` method that takes a terminal as an argument, and the main
  function is in control of initializing and restoring the terminal and
  installing the error hooks.
  

• 813f707 (example) Improve constraints and flex examples (#817)

  This PR is a follow up to
  https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/pull/811.
  
  It improves the UI of the layouts by
  
  - thoughtful accessible color that represent priority in constraints
  resolving
  - using QUADRANT_OUTSIDE symbol set for block rendering
  - adding a scrollbar
  - panic handling
  - refactoring for readability
  
  to name a few. Here are some example gifs of the outcome:
  
  
  ![constraints](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/assets/381361/8eed34cf-e959-472f-961b-d439bfe3324e)
  
  
  ![flex](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/assets/381361/3195a56c-9cb6-4525-bc1c-b969c0d6a812)
  
  ---------
  

• bb5444f (example) Add scroll to flex example (#811)

  This commit adds `scroll` to the flex example. It also adds more examples to showcase how constraints interact. It improves the UI to make it easier to understand and short terminal friendly.
  
  <img width="380" alt="image" src="https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/assets/1813121/30541efc-ecbe-4e28-b4ef-4d5f1dc63fec"/>
  
  ---------
  

• 6d15b25 (layout) Move the remaining types (#743)

  - alignment -> layout/alignment.rs
  - corner -> layout/corner.rs
  - direction -> layout/direction.rs
  - size -> layout/size.rs
  

• 659460e (layout) Move SegmentSize to layout/segment_size.rs (#742)

• ba036cd (layout) Move Layout to layout/layout.rs (#741)

• 8724aeb (layout) Move Margin to margin.rs (#740)

• 9574198 (line) Reorder methods for natural reading order (#713)

• 6364533 (table) Split table into multiple files (#718)

  At close to 2000 lines of code, the table widget was getting a bit
  unwieldy. This commit splits it into multiple files, one for each
  struct, and one for the table itself.
  
  Also refactors the table rendering code to be easier to maintain.
  

• 5aba988 (terminal) Extract types to files (#760)

  Fields on Frame that were private are now pub(crate).
  

• 4d262d2 (widget) Move borders to widgets/borders.rs (#832)

• 5254795 (uncategorized) Make layout tests a bit easier to understand (#890)

• bd6b91c (uncategorized) Make patch_style & reset_style chainable (#754) [breaking]

  Previously, `patch_style` and `reset_style` in `Text`, `Line` and `Span`
   were using a mutable reference to `Self`. To be more consistent with
   the rest of `ratatui`, which is using fluent setters, these now take
   ownership of `Self` and return it.
  

• da6c299 (uncategorized) Extract layout::Constraint to file (#739)

Documentation

• 6ecaeed (text) Add overview of the relevant methods (#857)

  Add an overview of the relevant methods under `Constructor Methods`, `Setter Methods`, and `Other Methods` subtitles.
  

• 50374b2 (backend) Fix broken book link (#733)

• e1cc849 (breaking) Fix typo (#702)

• 49df5d4 (example) Fix markdown syntax for note (#730)

• 4b8e54e (examples) Refactor Tabs example (#861)

  - Used a few new techniques from the 0.26 features (ref widgets, text rendering,
    dividers / padding etc.)
  - Updated the app to a simpler application approach
  - Use color_eyre
  - Make it look pretty (colors, new proportional borders)
  
  ![Made with VHS](https://vhs.charm.sh/vhs-4WW21XTtepDhUSq4ZShO56.gif)
  
  ---------
  Fixes https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/819
  Co-authored-by: Josh McKinney <joshka@users.noreply.github.com>
  

• 5b7ad2a (examples) Update gauge example (#863)

  - colored gauges
  - removed box borders
  - show the difference between ratio / percentage and unicode / no unicode better
  - better application approach (consistent with newer examples)
  - various changes for 0.26 features
  - impl `Widget` for `&App`
  - use color_eyre
  
  for gauge.tape
  
  - change to get better output from the new code
  
  ---------
  Fixes: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/846
  Co-authored-by: Josh McKinney <joshka@users.noreply.github.com>
  

• f383625 (examples) Add note about example versions to all examples (#871)

• 847bacf (examples) Refactor demo2 (#836)

  Simplified a bunch of the logic in the demo2 example
  - Moved destroy mode to its own file.
  - Moved error handling to its own file.
  - Removed AppContext
  - Implemented Widget for &App. The app state is small enough that it
    doesn't matter here and we could just copy or clone the app state on
    every frame, but for larger apps this can be a significant performance
    improvement.
  - Made the tabs stateful
  - Made the term module just a collection of functions rather than a
    struct.
  - Changed to use color_eyre for error handling.
  - Changed keyboard shortcuts and rearranged the bottom bar.
  - Use strum for the tabs enum.
  

• 804c841 (examples) Update list example and list.tape (#864)

  This PR adds:
  
  - subjectively better-looking list example
  - change list example to a todo list example
  - status of a TODO can be changed, further info can be seen under the list.
  

• eb1484b (examples) Update tabs example and tabs.tape (#855)

  This PR adds:
  
  for tabs.rs
  
  - general refactoring on code
  - subjectively better looking front
  - add tailwind colors
  
  for tabs.tape
  
  - change to get better output from the new code
  
  Here is the new output:
  
  ![tabs](https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/assets/30180366/0a9371a5-e90d-42ba-aba5-70cbf66afd1f)
  

• 330a899 (examples) Update table example and table.tape (#840)

  In table.rs
  - added scrollbar to the table
  - colors changed to use style::palette::tailwind
  - now colors can be changed with keys (l or →) for the next color, (h or
  ←) for the previous color
  - added a footer for key info
  
  For table.tape
  - typing speed changed to 0.75s from 0.5s
  - screen size changed to fit
  - pushed keys changed to show the current example better
  

  Fixes:https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/800

• 41de884 (examples) Document incompatible examples better (#844)

  Examples often take advantage of unreleased API changes, which makes
  them not copy-paste friendly.
  

• 3464894 (examples) Add warning about examples matching the main branch (#778)

• fb93db0 (examples) Simplify docs using new layout methods (#731)

  Use the new `Layout::horizontal` and `vertical` constructors and
  `Rect::split_array` through all the examples.
  

• d6b8513 (examples) Refactor chart example to showcase scatter (#703)

• fe84141 (layout) Document the difference in the split methods (#750)

  * docs(layout): document the difference in the split methods
  
  * fix: doc suggestion
  

• 48b0380 (scrollbar) Complete scrollbar documentation (#823)

• e67d3c6 (table) Fix typo (#707)

• 065b6b0 (terminal) Document buffer diffing better (#852)

• 86168aa (uncategorized) Fix docstring for Max constraints (#898)

• 11e4f6a (uncategorized) Adds better documentation for constraints and flex 📚 (#818)

• 1746a61 (uncategorized) Update links to templates repository 📚 (#810)

  This PR updates links to the `templates` repository.
  

• 43b2b57 (uncategorized) Fix typo in Table widget description (#797)

• 2b4aa46 (uncategorized) GitHub admonition syntax for examples README.md (#791)

  * docs: GitHub admonition syntax for examples README.md
  
  * docs: Add link to stable release
  

• 388aa46 (uncategorized) Update crate, lib and readme links (#771)

  Link to the contributing, changelog, and breaking changes docs at the
  top of the page instead of just in the main part of the doc. This
  makes it easier to find them.
  

We are thrilled to announce the new version of ratatui - a Rust library that's all about cooking up TUIs 🐭

In this version, we made improvements on widgets such as List, Table and Layout and changed some of the defaults for a better user experience. Also, we renewed our website and updated our documentation/tutorials to get started with ratatui: https://ratatui.rs 🚀

✨ Release highlights: https://ratatui.rs/highlights/v025/

⚠️ List of breaking changes can be found here.

💖 We also enabled GitHub Sponsors for our organization, consider sponsoring us if you like ratatui: https://github.com/sponsors/ratatui

Features

• aef4956 (list) List::new now accepts IntoIterator<Item = Into<ListItem>> (#672) [breaking]

  This allows to build list like
  
  ```
  List::new(["Item 1", "Item 2"])
  ```
  

• 8bfd666 (paragraph) Add line_count and line_width unstable helper methods

  This is an unstable feature that may be removed in the future
  

• 1229b96 (rect) Add offset method (#533)

  The offset method creates a new Rect that is moved by the amount
  specified in the x and y direction. These values can be positive or
  negative. This is useful for manual layout tasks.
  
  ```rust
  let rect = area.offset(Offset { x: 10, y -10 });
  ```
  

• edacaf7 (buffer) Deprecate Cell::symbol field (#624)

  The Cell::symbol field is now accessible via a getter method (`symbol()`). This will
  allow us to make future changes to the Cell internals such as replacing `String` with
  `compact_str`.
  

• 6b2efd0 (layout) Accept IntoIterator for constraints (#663)

  Layout and Table now accept IntoIterator for constraints with an Item
  that is AsRef<Constraint>. This allows pretty much any collection of
  constraints to be passed to the layout functions including arrays,
  vectors, slices, and iterators (without having to call collect() on
  them).
  

• 753e246 (layout) Allow configuring layout fill (#633)

  The layout split will generally fill the remaining area when `split()`
  is called. This change allows the caller to configure how any extra
  space is allocated to the `Rect`s. This is useful for cases where the
  caller wants to have a fixed size for one of the `Rect`s, and have the
  other `Rect`s fill the remaining space.
  
  For now, the method and enum are marked as unstable because the exact
  name is still being bikeshedded. To enable this functionality, add the
  `unstable-segment-size` feature flag in your `Cargo.toml`.
  
  To configure the layout to fill the remaining space evenly, use
  `Layout::segment_size(SegmentSize::EvenDistribution)`. The default
  behavior is `SegmentSize::LastTakesRemainder`, which gives the last
  segment the remaining space. `SegmentSize::None` will disable this
  behavior. See the docs for `Layout::segment_size()` and
  `layout::SegmentSize` for more information.
  
  Fixes https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/536
  

• 1e2f0be (layout) Add parameters to Layout::new() (#557) [breaking]

  Adds a convenience function to create a layout with a direction and a
  list of constraints which are the most common parameters that would be
  generally configured using the builder pattern. The constraints can be
  passed in as any iterator of constraints.
  
  ```rust
  let layout = Layout::new(Direction::Horizontal, [
      Constraint::Percentage(50),
      Constraint::Percentage(50),
  ]);
  ```
  

• c862aa5 (list) Support line alignment (#599)

  The `List` widget now respects the alignment of `Line`s and renders them as expected.
  

• 4424637 (span) Add setters for content and style (#647)

• ebf1f42 (style) Implement From trait for crossterm to Style related structs (#686)

• e49385b (table) Add a Table::segment_size method (#660)

  It controls how to distribute extra space to an underconstrained table.
  The default, legacy behavior is to leave the extra space unused.  The
  new options are LastTakesRemainder which gets all space to the rightmost
  column that can used it, and EvenDistribution which divides it amongst
  all columns.
  

• b8f71c0 (widgets/chart) Add option to set the position of legend (#378)

• 5bf4f52 (uncategorized) Implement From trait for termion to Style related structs (#692)

  * feat(termion): implement from termion color
  
  * feat(termion): implement from termion style
  
  * feat(termion): implement from termion `Bg` and `Fg`
  

• d19b266 (uncategorized) Add Constraint helpers (e.g. from_lengths) (#641)

  Adds helper methods that convert from iterators of u16 values to the
  specific Constraint type. This makes it easy to create constraints like:
  
  ```rust
  // a fixed layout
  let constraints = Constraint::from_lengths([10, 20, 10]);
  
  // a centered layout
  let constraints = Constraint::from_ratios([(1, 4), (1, 2), (1, 4)]);
  let constraints = Constraint::from_percentages([25, 50, 25]);
  
  // a centered layout with a minimum size
  let constraints = Constraint::from_mins([0, 100, 0]);
  
  // a sidebar / main layout with maximum sizes
  let constraints = Constraint::from_maxes([30, 200]);
  ```
  

Bug Fixes

• f69d57c (rect) Fix underflow in the Rect::intersection method (#678)

• 56fc410 (block) Make inner aware of title positions (#657)

  Previously, when computing the inner rendering area of a block, all
  titles were assumed to be positioned at the top, which caused the
  height of the inner area to be miscalculated.
  

• ec7b387 (doc) Do not access deprecated Cell::symbol field in doc example (#626)

• 37c70db (table) Add widths parameter to new() (#664) [breaking]

  This prevents creating a table that doesn't actually render anything.
  

• 1f88da7 (table) Fix new clippy lint which triggers on table widths tests (#630)

  * fix(table): new clippy lint in 1.74.0 triggers on table widths tests
  

• 36d8c53 (table) Widths() now accepts AsRef<[Constraint]> (#628)

  This allows passing an array, slice or Vec of constraints, which is more
  ergonomic than requiring this to always be a slice.
  
  The following calls now all succeed:
  
  ```rust
  Table::new(rows).widths([Constraint::Length(5), Constraint::Length(5)]);
  Table::new(rows).widths(&[Constraint::Length(5), Constraint::Length(5)]);
  
  // widths could also be computed at runtime
  let widths = vec![Constraint::Length(5), Constraint::Length(5)];
  Table::new(rows).widths(widths.clone());
  Table::new(rows).widths(&widths);
  ```
  

• 34d099c (tabs) Fixup tests broken by semantic merge conflict (#665)

  Two changes without any line overlap caused the tabs tests to break
  

• e4579f0 (tabs) Set the default highlight_style (#635) [breaking]

  Previously the default highlight_style was set to `Style::default()`,
  which meant that the highlight style was the same as the normal style.
  This change sets the default highlight_style to reversed text.
  

• 28ac55b (tabs) Tab widget now supports custom padding (#629)

  The Tab widget now contains padding_left and padding_right
  properties. Those values can be set with functions `padding_left()`,
  `padding_right()`, and `padding()` which all accept `Into<Line>`.
  
  Fixes issue https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/502
  

• df0eb1f (terminal) Insert_before() now accepts lines > terminal height and doesn't add an extra blank line (#596)

  Fixes issue with inserting content with height>viewport_area.height and adds
  the ability to insert content of height>terminal_height
  
  - Adds TestBackend::append_lines() and TestBackend::clear_region() methods to
    support testing the changes
  

• aaeba27 (uncategorized) Truncate table when overflow (#685)

  This prevents a panic when rendering an empty right aligned and rightmost table cell
  

• ffa78aa (uncategorized) Add #[must_use] to Style-moving methods (#600)

• a2f2bd5 (uncategorized) MSRV is now 1.70.0 (#593)

Refactor

• f767ea7 (list) start_corner is now direction (#673)

  The previous name `start_corner` did not communicate clearly the intent of the method.
  A new method `direction` and a new enum `ListDirection` were added.
  
  `start_corner` is now deprecated
  

• b82451f (examples) Add vim binding (#688)

• 0576a8a (layout) To natural reading order (#681)

  Structs and enums at the top of the file helps show the interaction
  between the types without having to find each type in between longer
  impl sections.
  
  Also moved the try_split function into the Layout impl as an associated
  function and inlined the `layout::split()` which just called try_split.
  This makes the code a bit more contained.
  

• 4be18ab (readme) Reference awesome-ratatui instead of wiki (#689)

  * refactor(readme): link awesome-ratatui instead of wiki
  
  The apps wiki moved to awesome-ratatui
  
  * docs(readme): Update README.md
  

• 7ef0afc (widgets) Remove unnecessary dynamic dispatch and heap allocation (#597)

• b282a06 (uncategorized) Remove items deprecated since 0.10 (#691) [breaking]

  Remove `Axis::title_style` and `Buffer::set_background` which are deprecated since 0.10
  

• 7ced7c0 (uncategorized) Define struct WrappedLine instead of anonymous tuple (#608)

  It makes the type easier to document, and more obvious for users
  

Documentation

• fe632d7 (sparkline) Add documentation (#648)

• f4c8de0 (chart) Document chart module (#696)

• 1b8b626 (examples) Add animation and FPS counter to colors_rgb (#583)

• 2169a0d (examples) Add example of half block rendering (#687)

  This is a fun example of how to render big text using half blocks
  

• 41c44a4 (frame) Add docs about resize events (#697)

• 91c67eb (github) Update code owners (#666)

  onboard `@Valentin271` as maintainer
  

• 458fa90 (lib) Tweak the crate documentation (#659)

• 3ec4e24 (list) Add documentation to the List widget (#669)

  Adds documentation to the List widget and all its sub components like `ListState` and `ListItem`
  

• 9f37100 (readme) Update README.md and fix the bug that demo2 cannot run (#595)

  Fixes https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/594
  

• 2a87251 (security) Add security policy (#676)

  * docs: Create SECURITY.md
  
  * Update SECURITY.md
  

• 987f7ee (website) Rename book to website (#661)

• a15c3b2 (uncategorized) Remove deprecated table constructor from breaking changes (#698)

• 113b4b7 (uncategorized) Rename template links to remove ratatui from name 📚 (#690)

• 211160c (uncategorized) Remove simple-tui-rs (#651)

  This has not been recently and doesn't lead to good code
  

Styling

• 6a6e9dd (tabs) Fix doc formatting (#662)

Miscellaneous Tasks

• 910ad00 (rustfmt) Enable format_code_in_doc_comments (#695)

  This enables more consistently formatted code in doc comments,
  especially since ratatui heavily uses fluent setters.
  
  See https://rust-lang.github.io/rustfmt/?version=v1.6.0#format_code_in_doc_comments
  

• d118565 (table) Cleanup docs and builder methods (#638)

  - Refactor the `table` module for better top to bottom readability by
  putting types first and arranging them in a logical order (Table, Row,
  Cell, other).
  
  - Adds new methods for:
    - `Table::rows`
    - `Row::cells`
    - `Cell::new`
    - `Cell::content`
    - `TableState::new`
    - `TableState::selected_mut`
  
  - Makes `HighlightSpacing::should_add` pub(crate) since it's an internal
    detail.
  
  - Adds tests for all the new methods and simple property tests for all
    the other setter methods.
  

• dd22e72 (uncategorized) Correct "builder methods" in docs and add must_use on widgets setters (#655)

• 18e19f6 (uncategorized) Fix breaking changes doc versions (#639)

  Moves the layout::new change to unreleasedd section and adds the table change
  

• a58cce2 (uncategorized) Disable default benchmarking (#598)

  Disables the default benchmarking behaviour for the lib target to fix unrecognized
  criterion benchmark arguments.
  
  See https://bheisler.github.io/criterion.rs/book/faq.html#cargo-bench-gives-unrecognized-option-errors-for-valid-command-line-options for details
  

Continuous Integration

• 59b9c32 (codecov) Adjust threshold and noise settings (#615)

  Fixes https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/612
  

• 03401cd (uncategorized) Fix untrusted input in pr check workflow (#680)

Contributors

Thank you so much to everyone that contributed to this release!

Here is the list of contributors who have contributed to ratatui for the first time!

• @rikonaka
• @danny-burrows
• @SOF3
• @jan-ferdinand
• @rhaskia
• @asomers
• @progval
• @TylerBloom
• @YeungKC
• @lyuha

We are excited to announce the new version of ratatui - a Rust library that's all about cooking up TUIs 🐭

In this version, we've introduced features like window size API, enhanced chart rendering, and more. The list of *breaking changes* can be found here ⚠️. Also, we created various tutorials and walkthroughs in Ratatui Book which is available at https://ratatui.rs 🚀

✨ Release highlights: https://ratatui.rs/highlights/v024

Features

• c6c3f88 (backend) Implement common traits for WindowSize (#586)

• d077903 (backend) Backend provides window_size, add Size struct (#276)

  For image (sixel, iTerm2, Kitty...) support that handles graphics in
  terms of `Rect` so that the image area can be included in layouts.
  
  For example: an image is loaded with a known pixel-size, and drawn, but
  the image protocol has no mechanism of knowing the actual cell/character
  area that been drawn on. It is then impossible to skip overdrawing the
  area.
  
  Returning the window size in pixel-width / pixel-height, together with
  columns / rows, it can be possible to account the pixel size of each cell
  / character, and then known the `Rect` of a given image, and also resize
  the image so that it fits exactly in a `Rect`.
  
  Crossterm and termwiz also both return both sizes from one syscall,
  while termion does two.
  
  Add a `Size` struct for the cases where a `Rect`'s `x`/`y` is unused
  (always zero).
  
  `Size` is not "clipped" for `area < u16::max_value()` like `Rect`. This
  is why there are `From` implementations between the two.
  

• 301366c (barchart) Render charts smaller than 3 lines (#532)

  The bar values are not shown if the value width is equal the bar width
  and the bar is height is less than one line
  
  Add an internal structure `LabelInfo` which stores the reserved height
  for the labels (0, 1 or 2) and also whether the labels will be shown.
  
  Fixes ratatui#513
  

• 32e4619 (block) Allow custom symbols for borders (#529) [breaking]

  Adds a new `Block::border_set` method that allows the user to specify
  the symbols used for the border.
  
  Added two new border types: `BorderType::QuadrantOutside` and
  `BorderType::QuadrantInside`. These are used to draw borders using the
  unicode quadrant characters (which look like half block "pixels").
  
  ```
  ▛▀▀▜
  ▌  ▐
  ▙▄▄▟
  
  ▗▄▄▖
  ▐  ▌
  ▝▀▀▘
  ```
  Fixes: https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/528
  
  BREAKING CHANGES:
  - BorderType::to_line_set is renamed to to_border_set
  - BorderType::line_symbols is renamed to border_symbols
  

• 4541336 (canvas) Implement half block marker (#550)

  * feat(canvas): implement half block marker
  
  A useful technique for the terminal is to use half blocks to draw a grid
  of "pixels" on the screen. Because we can set two colors per cell, and
  because terminal cells are about twice as tall as they are wide, we can
  draw a grid of half blocks that looks like a grid of square pixels.
  
  This commit adds a new `HalfBlock` marker that can be used in the Canvas
  widget and the associated HalfBlockGrid.
  
  Also updated demo2 to use the new marker as it looks much nicer.
  
  Adds docs for many of the methods and structs on canvas.
  
  Changes the grid resolution method to return the pixel count
  rather than the index of the last pixel.
  This is an internal detail with no user impact.
  

• be55a5f (examples) Add demo2 example (#500)

• 082cbcb (frame) Remove generic Backend parameter (#530) [breaking]

  This change simplifies UI code that uses the Frame type. E.g.:
  
  ```rust
  fn draw<B: Backend>(frame: &mut Frame<B>) {
      // ...
  }
  ```
  
  Frame was generic over Backend because it stored a reference to the
  terminal in the field. Instead it now directly stores the viewport area
  and current buffer. These are provided at creation time and are valid
  for the duration of the frame.
  
  BREAKING CHANGE: Frame is no longer generic over Backend. Code that
  accepted a Frame<Backend> will now need to accept a Frame.
  

• d67fa2c (line) Add Line::raw constructor (#511)

  * feat(line): add `Line::raw` constructor
  
  There is already `Span::raw` and `Text::raw` methods
  and this commit simply adds `Line::raw` method for symmetry.
  
  Multi-line content is converted to multiple spans with the new line removed
  

• cbf86da (rect) Add is_empty() to simplify some common checks (#534)

  - add `Rect::is_empty()` that checks whether either height or width == 0
  - refactored `Rect` into layout/rect.rs from layout.rs. No public API change as
     the module is private and the type is re-exported under the `layout` module.
  

• 15641c8 (uncategorized) Add buffer_mut method on Frame ✨ (#548)

Bug Fixes

• 638d596 (layout) Use LruCache for layout cache (#487)

  The layout cache now uses a LruCache with default size set to 16 entries.
  Previously the cache was backed by a HashMap, and was able to grow
  without bounds as a new entry was added for every new combination of
  layout parameters.
  
  - Added a new method (`layout::init_cache(usize)`) that allows the cache
  size to be changed if necessary. This will only have an effect if it is called
  prior to any calls to `layout::split()` as the cache is wrapped in a `OnceLock`
  

• 8d507c4 (backend) Add feature flag for underline-color (#570)

  Windows 7 doesn't support the underline color attribute, so we need to
  make it optional. This commit adds a feature flag for the underline
  color attribute - it is enabled by default, but can be disabled by
  passing `--no-default-features` to cargo.
  
  We could specially check for Windows 7 and disable the feature flag
  automatically, but I think it's better for this check to be done by the
  crossterm crate, since it's the one that actually knows about the
  underlying terminal.
  
  To disable the feature flag in an application that supports Windows 7,
  add the following to your Cargo.toml:
  
  ```toml
  ratatui = { version = "0.24.0", default-features = false, features = ["crossterm"] }
  ```
  
  Fixes https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/555
  

• c3155a2 (barchart) Add horizontal labels(#518)

  Labels were missed in the initial implementation of the horizontal
  mode for the BarChart widget. This adds them.
  
  Fixes https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/499
  

• c5ea656 (barchart) Avoid divide by zero in rendering (#525)

• c9b8e7c (barchart) Render value labels with unicode correctly (#515)

  An earlier change introduced a bug where the width of value labels with
  unicode characters was incorrectly using the string length in bytes
  instead of the unicode character count. This reverts the earlier change.
  

• c8ab2d5 (chart) Use graph style for top line (#462)

  A bug in the rendering caused the top line of the chart to be rendered
  using the style of the chart, instead of the dataset style. This is
  fixed by only setting the style for the width of the text, and not the
  entire row.
  

• 0c7d547 (docs) Don't fail rustdoc due to termion (#503)

  Windows cannot compile termion, so it is not included in the docs.
  Rustdoc will fail if it cannot find a link, so the docs fail to build
  on windows.
  
  This replaces the link to TermionBackend with one that does not fail
  during checks.
  
  Fixes https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/498
  

• 0c52ff4 (gauge) Fix gauge widget colors (#572)

  The background colors of the gauge had a workaround for the issue we had
  with VHS / TTYD rendering the background color of the gauge. This
  workaround is no longer necessary in the updated versions of VHS / TTYD.
  
  Fixes https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/501
  

• 11076d0 (rect) Fix arithmetic overflow edge cases (#543)

  Fixes https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/258
  

• 21303f2 (rect) Prevent overflow in inner() and area() (#523)

• ebd3680 (stylize) Add Stylize impl for String (#466) [breaking]

  Although the `Stylize` trait is already implemented for `&str` which
  extends to `String`, it is not implemented for `String` itself. This
  commit adds an impl of Stylize that returns a Span<'static> for `String`
  so that code can call Stylize methods on temporary `String`s.
  
  E.g. the following now compiles instead of failing with a compile error
  about referencing a temporary value:
  
      let s = format!("hello {name}!", "world").red();
  
  BREAKING CHANGE: This may break some code that expects to call Stylize
  methods on `String` values and then use the String value later. This
  will now fail to compile because the String is consumed by set_style
  instead of a slice being created and consumed.
  
  This can be fixed by cloning the `String`. E.g.:
  
      let s = String::from("hello world");
      let line = Line::from(vec![s.red(), s.green()]); // fails to compile
      let line = Line::from(vec![s.clone().red(), s.green()]); // works
  
  Fixes https://discord.com/channels/1070692720437383208/1072907135664529508/1148229700821450833
  

Refactor

• 2fd85af (barchart) Simplify internal implementation (#544)

  Replace `remove_invisible_groups_and_bars` with `group_ticks`
  `group_ticks` calculates the visible bar length in ticks. (A cell contains 8 ticks).
  
  It is used for 2 purposes:
  1. to get the bar length in ticks for rendering
  2. since it delivers only the values of the visible bars, If we zip these values
     with the groups and bars, then we will filter out the invisible groups and bars
  

Documentation

• 0c68ebe (block) Add documentation to Block (#469)

• 0fe7385 (gauge) Add docs for Gauge and LineGauge (#514)

• 27c5637 (readme) Fix links to CONTRIBUTING.md and BREAKING-CHANGES.md (#577)

• 1947c58 (backend) Improve backend module docs (#489)

• e098731 (barchart) Add documentation to BarChart (#449)

  Add documentation to the `BarChart` widgets and its sub-modules.
  

• 17797d8 (canvas) Add support note for Braille marker (#472)

• 3cf0b83 (color) Document true color support (#477)

  * refactor(style): move Color to separate color mod
  
  * docs(color): document true color support
  

• e5caf17 (custom_widget) Make button sticky when clicking with mouse (#561)

• ad2dc56 (examples) Update examples readme (#576)

  remove VHS bug info, tweak colors_rgb image, update some of the instructions. add demo2
  

• b61f65b (examples) Update theme to Aardvark Blue (#574)

  This is a nicer theme that makes the colors pop
  

• 61af0d9 (examples) Make custom widget example into a button (#539)

  The widget also now supports mouse
  

• 6b8725f (examples) Add colors_rgb example (#476)

• 5c785b2 (examples) Move example gifs to github (#460)

  - A new orphan branch named "images" is created to store the example
    images
  

• ca9bcd3 (examples) Add descriptions and update theme (#460)

  - Use the OceanicMaterial consistently in examples
  

• 080a05b (paragraph) Add docs for alignment fn (#467)

• 1e20475 (stylize) Improve docs for style shorthands (#491)

  The Stylize trait was introduced in 0.22 to make styling less verbose.
  This adds a bunch of documentation comments to the style module and
  types to make this easier to discover.
  

• dd9a8df (table) Add documentation for block and header methods of the Table widget (#505)

• 232be80 (table) Add documentation for Table::new() (#471)

• 3bda372 (tabs) Add documentation to Tabs (#535)

• 42f8169 (terminal) Add docs for terminal module (#486)

  - moves the impl Terminal block up to be closer to the type definition
  

• 28e7fd4 (terminal) Fix doc comment (#452)

• 51fdcbe (title) Add documentation to title (#443)

  This adds documentation for Title and Position
  

• d4976d4 (widgets) Update the list of available widgets (#496)

• 6c7bef8 (uncategorized) Replace colons with dashes in README.md for consistency (#566)

• 88ae348 (uncategorized) Update Frame docstring to remove reference to generic backend (#564)

• 089f8ba (uncategorized) Add double quotes to instructions for features (#560)

• 346e7b4 (uncategorized) Add summary to breaking changes (#549)

• 401a7a7 (uncategorized) Improve clarity in documentation for Frame and Terminal 📚 (#545)

• e35e413 (uncategorized) Fix terminal comment (#547)

• 8ae4403 (uncategorized) Fix Terminal docstring (#546)

• 9cfb133 (uncategorized) Document alpha release process (#542)

  Fixes https://github.com/ratatui/ratatui/issues/412
  

• 4548a9b (uncategorized) Add BREAKING-CHANGES.md (#538)

  Document the breaking changes in each version. This document is
  manually curated by summarizing the breaking changes in the changelog.
  

• c0991cc (uncategorized) Make library and README consistent (#526)

  * docs: make library and README consistent
  
  Generate the bulk of the README from the library documentation, so that
  they are consistent using cargo-rdme.
  
  - Removed the Contributors section, as it is redundant with the github
    contributors list.
  - Removed the info about the other backends and replaced it with a
    pointer to the documentation.
  - add docsrs example, vhs tape and images that will end up in the README
  

• 1414fbc (uncategorized) Import prelude::* in doc examples (#490)

  This commit adds `prelude::*` all doc examples and widget::* to those
  that need it. This is done to highlight the use of the prelude and
  simplify the examples.
  
  - Examples in Type and module level comments show all imports and use
    `prelude::*` and `widget::*` where possible.
  - Function level comments hide imports unless there are imports other
    than `prelude::*` and `widget::*`.
  

• 74c5244 (uncategorized) Add logo and favicon to docs.rs page (#473)

• 927a5d8 (uncategorized) Fix documentation lint warnings (#450)

• eda2fb7 (uncategorized) Use ratatui 📚 (#446)

Testing

• ea70bff (barchart) Add benchmarks (#455)

• 94af2a2 (buffer) Allow with_lines to accept Vec<Into<Line>> (#494)

  This allows writing unit tests without having to call set_style on the
  expected buffer.
  

Miscellaneous Tasks

• 1278131 (changelog) Make the scopes lowercase in the changelog (#479)

• 82b40be (ci) Improve checking the PR title (#464)

  - Use [`action-semantic-pull-request`](https://github.com/amannn/action-semantic-pull-request)
  - Allow only reading the PR contents
  - Enable merge group
  

• a20bd6a (deps) Update lru requirement from 0.11.1 to 0.12.0 (#581)

  Updates the requirements on [lru](https://github.com/jeromefroe/lru-rs) to permit the latest version.
  - [Changelog](https://github.com/jeromefroe/lru-rs/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md)
  - [Commits](https://github.com/jeromefroe/lru-rs/compare/0.11.1...0.12.0)
  
  ---
  updated-dependencies:
  - dependency-name: lru
    dependency-type: direct:production
  ...
  

• 5213f78 (deps) Bump actions/checkout from 3 to 4 (#580)

  Bumps [actions/checkout](https://github.com/actions/checkout) from 3 to 4.
  - [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/checkout/releases)
  - [Changelog](https://github.com/actions/checkout/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md)
  - [Commits](https://github.com/actions/checkout/compare/v3...v4)
  
  ---
  updated-dependencies:
  - dependency-name: actions/checkout
    dependency-type: direct:production
    update-type: version-update:semver-major
  ...
  

• 6cbdb06 (examples) Refactor some examples (#578)

  * chore(examples): Simplify timeout calculation with `Duration::saturating_sub`
  

• 12f9291 (github) Create dependabot.yml (#575)

  * chore: Create dependabot.yml
  
  * Update .github/dependabot.yml
  

• 3a57e76 (github) Add contact links for issues (#567)

• 5498a88 (spans) Remove deprecated Spans type (#426)

  The `Spans` type (plural, not singular) was replaced with a more ergonomic `Line` type
  in Ratatui v0.21.0 and marked deprecated but left for backwards compatibility. This is now
  removed.
  
  - `Line` replaces `Spans`
  - `Buffer::set_line` replaces `Buffer::set_spans`
  

• fbf1a45 (uncategorized) Simplify constraints (#556)

  Use bare arrays rather than array refs / Vecs for all constraint
  examples.
  

• a7bf4b3 (uncategorized) Use modern modules syntax (#492)

  Move xxx/mod.rs to xxx.rs
  

• af36282 (uncategorized) Only run check pr action on pull_request_target events (#485)

• 322e46f (uncategorized) Prevent PR merge with do not merge labels ♻️ (#484)

• 983ea7f (uncategorized) Fix check for if breaking change label should be added ♻️ (#483)

• 384e616 (uncategorized) Add a check for if breaking change label should be added ♻️ (#481)

• 5f6aa30 (uncategorized) Check documentation lint (#454)

• 47ae602 (uncategorized) Check that PR title matches conventional commit guidelines ♻️ (#459)

• 28c6157 (uncategorized) Add documentation guidelines (#447)

Continuous Integration

• 343c6cd (lint) Move formatting and doc checks first (#465)

  Putting the formatting and doc checks first to ensure that more critical
  errors are caught first (e.g. a conventional commit error or typo should
  not prevent the formatting and doc checks from running).
  

• c95a75c (makefile) Remove termion dependency from doc lint (#470)

  Only build termion on non-windows targets
  

• b996102 (makefile) Add format target (#468)

  - add format target to Makefile.toml that actually fixes the formatting
  - rename fmt target to lint-format
  - rename style-check target to lint-style
  - rename typos target to lint-typos
  - rename check-docs target to lint-docs
  - add section to CONTRIBUTING.md about formatting
  

• 572df75 (uncategorized) Put commit id first in changelog (#463)

• 878b6fc (uncategorized) Ignore benches from code coverage (#461)

Contributors

Thank you so much to everyone that contributed to this release!

Here is the list of contributors who have contributed to ratatui for the first time!

• @aatukaj
• @DreadedHippy
• @marianomarciello
• @HeeillWang
• @tz629
• @hueblu

We are thrilled to release the new version of ratatui 🐭, the official successor* of tui-rs.

In this version, we improved the existing widgets such as Barchart and Scrollbar. We also made improvmements in the testing/internal APIs to provide a smoother testing/development experience. Additionally, we have addressed various bugs and implemented enhancements.

Here is a blog post that highlights the new features and breaking changes along with a retrospective about the project: https://blog.orhun.dev/ratatui-0-23-0

Features

• (barchart) Add direction attribute. (horizontal bars support) (#325) (0dca6a6)

  * feat(barchart): Add direction attribute
  
  Enable rendering the bars horizontally. In some cases this allow us to
  make more efficient use of the available space.
  

• (cell) Add voluntary skipping capability for sixel (#215) (e4bcf78)

  > Sixel is a bitmap graphics format supported by terminals.
  > "Sixel mode" is entered by sending the sequence ESC+Pq.
  > The "String Terminator" sequence ESC+\ exits the mode.
  
  The graphics are then rendered with the top left positioned at the
  cursor position.
  
  It is actually possible to render sixels in ratatui with just
  `buf.get_mut(x, y).set_symbol("^[Pq ... ^[\")`. But any buffer covering
  the "image area" will overwrite the graphics. This is most likely the same
  buffer, even though it consists of empty characters `' '`, except for
  the top-left character that starts the sequence.
  
  Thus, either the buffer or cells must be specialized to avoid drawing
  over the graphics. This patch specializes the `Cell` with a
  `set_skip(bool)` method, based on James' patch:
  https://github.com/TurtleTheSeaHobo/tui-rs/tree/sixel-support
  I unsuccessfully tried specializing the `Buffer`, but as far as I can tell
  buffers get merged all the way "up" and thus skipping must be set on the
  Cells. Otherwise some kind of "skipping area" state would be required,
  which I think is too complicated.
  
  Having access to the buffer now it is possible to skip all cells but the
  first one which can then `set_symbol(sixel)`. It is up to the user to
  deal with the graphics size and buffer area size. It is possible to get
  the terminal's font size in pixels with a syscall.
  
  An image widget for ratatui that uses this `skip` flag is available at
  https://github.com/benjajaja/ratatu-image.
  

• (list) Add option to always allocate the "selection" column width (#394) (4d70169)

  * feat(list): add option to always allocate the "selection" column width
  
  Before this option was available, selecting a item in a list when nothing was selected
  previously made the row layout change (the same applies to unselecting) by adding the width
  of the "highlight symbol" in the front of the list, this option allows to configure this
  behavior.
  
  * style: change "highlight_spacing" doc comment to use inline code-block for reference
  

• (release) Add automated nightly releases (#359) (aad164a)

  * feat(release): add automated nightly releases
  
  * refactor(release): rename the alpha workflow
  
  * refactor(release): simplify the release calculation
  

• (scrollbar) Add optional track symbol (#360) (1727fa5) [breaking]

  The track symbol is now optional, simplifying composition with other
  widgets.
  

• (table) Add support for line alignment in the table widget (#392) (7748720)

  * feat(table): enforce line alignment in table render
  
  * test(table): add table alignment render test
  

• (widgets::table) Add option to always allocate the "selection" constraint (#375) (f63ac72)

  * feat(table): add option to configure selection layout changes
  
  Before this option was available, selecting a row in the table when no row was selected
  previously made the tables layout change (the same applies to unselecting) by adding the width
  of the "highlight symbol" in the front of the first column, this option allows to configure this
  behavior.
  
  * refactor(table): refactor "get_columns_widths" to return (x, width)
  
  and "render" to make use of that
  
  * refactor(table): refactor "get_columns_widths" to take in a selection_width instead of a boolean
  
  also refactor "render" to make use of this change
  
  * fix(table): rename "highlight_set_selection_space" to "highlight_spacing"
  
  * style(table): apply doc-comment suggestions from code review
  

• (uncategorized) Expand serde attributes for TestBuffer (#389) (57ea871)

• (uncategorized) Add weak constraints to make rects closer to each other in size ✨ (#395) (6153371)

  Also make `Max` and `Min` constraints MEDIUM strength for higher priority over equal chunks
  

• (uncategorized) Simplify split function ✨ (#411) (b090101)

Bug Fixes

• (barchart) Empty groups causes panic (#333) (9c95673)

  This unlikely to happen, since nobody wants to add an empty group.
  Even we fix the panic, things will not render correctly.
  So it is better to just not add them to the BarChart.
  

• (block) Fixed title_style not rendered (#349) (#363) (49a82e0)

• (cargo) Adjust minimum paste version (#348) (8db9fb4)

  ratatui is using features that are currently only available in paste 1.0.2; specifying the minimum version to be 1.0 will consequently cause a compilation error if cargo is only able to use a version less than 1.0.2.
  

• (example) Fix typo (#337) (daf5890)

  the existential feels
  

• (layout) Don't leave gaps between chunks (#408) (56455e0)

  Previously the layout used the floor of the calculated start and width
  as the value to use for the split Rects. This resulted in gaps between
  the split rects.
  
  This change modifies the layout to round to the nearest column instead
  of taking the floor of the start and width. This results in the start
  and end of each rect being rounded the same way and being strictly
  adjacent without gaps.
  
  Because there is a required constraint that ensures that the last end is
  equal to the area end, there is no longer the need to fixup the last
  item width when the fill (as e.g. width = x.99 now rounds to x+1 not x).
  
  The colors example has been updated to use Ratio(1, 8) instead of
  Percentage(13), as this now renders without gaps for all possible sizes,
  whereas previously it would have left odd gaps between columns.
  

• (layout) Ensure left <= right (#410) (f4ed3b7)

  The recent refactor missed the positive width constraint
  

• (readme) Fix typo in readme (#344) (d05ab6f)

• (readme) Fix incorrect template link (#338) (b9290b3)

• (readme) Fix typo in readme (#336) (7e37a96)

• (release) Fix the last tag retrieval for alpha releases (#416) (b6b2da5)

• (release) Set the correct permissions for creating alpha releases (#400) (778c320)

• (scrollbar) Move symbols to symbols module (#330) (7539f77) [breaking]

  The symbols and sets are moved from `widgets::scrollbar` to
  `symbols::scrollbar`. This makes it consistent with the other symbol
  sets and allows us to make the scrollbar module private rather than
  re-exporting it.
  

• (table) Fix unit tests broken due to rounding (#419) (dc55211)

  The merge of the table unit tests after the rounding layout fix was not
  rebased correctly, this addresses the broken tests, makes them more
  concise while adding comments to help clarify that the rounding behavior
  is working as expected.
  

• (uncategorized) Correct minor typos in documentation (#331) (13fb11a)

Refactor

• (barchart) Reduce some calculations (#430) (fc727df)

  Calculating the label_offset is unnecessary, if we just render the
  group label after rendering the bars. We can just reuse bar_y.
  

• (layout) Simplify and doc split() (#405) (de25de0)

  * test(layout): add tests for split()
  
  * refactor(layout): simplify and doc split()
  
  This is mainly a reduction in density of the code with a goal of
  improving mainatainability so that the algorithm is clear.
  

• (layout) Simplify split() function (#396) (5195099)

  Removes some unnecessary code and makes the function more readable.
  Instead of creating a temporary result and mutating it, we just create
  the result directly from the list of changes.
  

Documentation

• (examples) Fix the instructions for generating demo GIF (#442) (7a70602)

• (examples) Show layout constraints (#393) (10dbd6f)

  Shows the way that layout constraints interact visually
  
  ![example](https://vhs.charm.sh/vhs-1ZNoNLNlLtkJXpgg9nCV5e.gif)
  

• (examples) Add color and modifiers examples (#345) (6ad4bd4)

  The intent of these examples is to show the available colors and
  modifiers.
  
  - added impl Display for Color
  
  ![colors](https://vhs.charm.sh/vhs-2ZCqYbTbXAaASncUeWkt1z.gif)
  ![modifiers](https://vhs.charm.sh/vhs-2ovGBz5l3tfRGdZ7FCw0am.gif)
  

• (examples) Regen block.gif in readme (#365) (e82521e)

• (examples) Update block example (#351) (554805d)

  ![Block example](https://vhs.charm.sh/vhs-5X6hpReuDBKjD6hLxmDQ6F.gif)
  

• (examples) Add examples readme with gifs (#303) (add578a)

  This commit adds a readme to the examples directory with gifs of each
  example. This should make it easier to see what each example does
  without having to run it.
  
  I modified the examples to fit better in the gifs. Mostly this was just
  removing the margins, but for the block example I cleaned up the code a
  bit to make it more readable and changed it so the background bug is not
  triggered.
  
  For the table example, the combination of Min, Length, and Percent
  constraints was causing the table to panic when the terminal was too
  small. I changed the example to use the Max constraint instead of the
  Length constraint.
  
  The layout example now shows information about how the layout is
  constrained on each block (which is now a paragraph with a block).
  

• (layout) Add doc comments (#403) (418ed20)

• (layout::Constraint) Add doc-comments for all variants (#371) (c8ddc16)

• (lib) Extract feature documentation from Cargo.toml (#438) (8b36683)

  * docs(lib): extract feature documentation from Cargo.toml
  
  * chore(deps): make `document-features` optional dependency
  
  * docs(lib): document the serde feature from features section
  

• (paragraph) Add more docs (#428) (6d6ecee)

• (project) Make the project description cooler (#441) (47fe4ad)

  * docs(project): make the project description cooler
  
  * docs(lib): simplify description
  

• (readme) Use the correct version for MSRV (#369) (3a37d2f)

• (readme) Fix widget docs links (#346) (2920e04)

  Add scrollbar, clear. Fix Block link. Sort
  

• (span) Update docs and tests for Span (#427) (d0ee04a)

• (uncategorized) Improve scrollbar doc comment (#329) (c3f87f2)

Performance

• (bench) Used iter_batched to clone widgets in setup function (#383) (149d489)

  Replaced `Bencher::iter` by `Bencher::iter_batched` to clone the widget in the setup function instead of in the benchmark timing.
  

Styling

• (paragraph) Add documentation for "scroll"'s "offset" (#355) (ab5e616)

  * style(paragraph): add documentation for "scroll"'s "offset"
  
  * style(paragraph): add more text to the scroll doc-comment
  

Testing

• (block) Test all block methods (#431) (a890f2a)

• (block) Add benchmarks (#368) (e18393d)

  Added benchmarks to the block widget to uncover eventual performance issues
  

• (canvas) Add unit tests for line (#437) (ad3413e)

  Also add constructor to simplify creating lines
  

• (canvas) Add tests for rectangle (#429) (ad4d6e7)

• (clear) Test Clear rendering (#432) (e9bd736)

• (list) Added benchmarks (#377) (664fb4c)

  Added benchmarks for the list widget (render and render half scrolled)
  

• (map) Add unit tests (#436) (f0716ed)

• (sparkline) Added benchmark (#384) (3293c6b)

  Added benchmark for the `sparkline` widget testing a basic render with different amount of data
  

• (styled_grapheme) Test StyledGrapheme methods (#433) (292a11d)

• (table) Add test for consistent table-column-width (#404) (4cd843e)

• (tabs) Add unit tests (#439) (14eb6b6)

• (test_backend) Add tests for TestBackend coverage (#434) (b35f19e)

  These are mostly to catch any future bugs introduced in the test backend
  

• (text) Add unit tests (#435) (fc9f637)

Miscellaneous Tasks

• (changelog) Ignore alpha tags (#440) (6009844)

• (changelog) Show full commit message (#423) (a937500)

  This allows someone reading the changelog to search for information
  about breaking changes or implementation of new functionality.
  
  - refactored the commit template part to a macro instead of repeating it
  - added a link to the commit and to the release
  - updated the current changelog for the alpha and unreleased changes
  - Automatically changed the existing * lists to - lists
  

• (ci) Update the name of the CI workflow (#417) (89ef0e2)

• (codecov) Fix yaml syntax (#407) (ea48af1)

  a yaml file cannot contain tabs outside of strings
  

• (docs) Add doc comment bump to release documentation (#382) (8b28672)

• (github) Add kdheepak as a maintainer (#343) (60a4131)

• (github) Rename tui-rs-revival references to ratatui-org (#340) (964190a)

• (make) Add task descriptions to Makefile.toml (#398) (268bbed)

• (toolchain) Bump msrv to 1.67 (#361) (8cd3205) [breaking]

  * chore(toolchain)!: bump msrv to 1.67
  

• (traits) Add Display and FromStr traits (#425) (98155dc)

  Use strum for most of these, with a couple of manual implementations,
  and related tests
  

• (uncategorized) Create rust-toolchain.toml (#415) (d2429bc)

• (uncategorized) Use vhs to create demo.gif (#390) (8c55158)

  The bug that prevented braille rendering is fixed, so switch to VHS for
  rendering the demo gif
  
  ![Demo of Ratatui](https://vhs.charm.sh/vhs-tF0QbuPbtHgUeG0sTVgFr.gif)
  

• (uncategorized) Implement Hash common traits (#381) (8c4a2e0)

  Reorder the derive fields to be more consistent:
  
      Debug, Default, Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Hash
  
  Hash trait won't be impl in this PR due to rust std design.
  If we need hash trait for f64 related structs in the future,
  we should consider wrap f64 into a new type.
  

• (uncategorized) Implement Eq & PartialEq common traits (#357) (181706c)

  Reorder the derive fields to be more consistent:
  
      Debug, Default, Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Hash
  

• (uncategorized) Implement Clone & Copy common traits (#350) (440f62f)

  Implement `Clone & Copy` common traits for most structs in src.
  
  Only implement `Copy` for structs that are simple and trivial to copy.
  
  Reorder the derive fields to be more consistent:
  
      Debug, Default, Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Hash
  

• (uncategorized) Implement Debug & Default common traits (#339) (bf49446)

  Implement `Debug & Default` common traits for most structs in src.
  
  Reorder the derive fields to be more consistent:
  
      Debug, Default, Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Hash
  

Build

• (deps) Upgrade crossterm to 0.27 (#380) (37fa6ab)

• (examples) Fix cargo make run-examples (#327) (e2cb11c)

  Enables the all-widgets feature so that the calendar example runs correctly
  

• (uncategorized) Forbid unsafe code (#332) (0fb1ed8)

  This indicates good (high level) code and is used by tools like cargo-geiger.
  

Continuous Integration

• (coverage) Exclude examples directory from coverage (#373) (de9f52f)

• (uncategorized) Don't fail fast (#364) (9191ad6)

  Run all the tests rather than canceling when one test fails. This allows
  us to see all the failures, rather than just the first one if there are
  multiple. Specifically this is useful when we have an issue in one
  toolchain or backend.
  

• (uncategorized) Add coverage token (#352) (6f659cf)

Contributors

Thank you so much to everyone that contributed to this release!

Here is the list of contributors who have contributed to ratatui for the first time!

• @EdJoPaTo
• @mhovd
• @joshrotenberg
• @t-nil
• @ndd7xv
• @TieWay59
• @Valentin271
• @hasezoey
• @jkcdarunday
• @stappersg
• @benjajaja

Features

• (barchart) Set custom text value in the bar (#309)
• (barchart) Enable barchart groups (#288)
• (block) Support for having more than one title (#232)
• (examples) User_input example cursor movement (#302)
• (misc) Make builder fn const (#275) (#275)
• (prelude) Add a prelude (#304)
• (style) Enable setting the underline color for crossterm (#308) (#310)
• (style) Allow Modifiers add/remove in const (#287)
• (stylize) Allow all widgets to be styled (#289)
• (terminal) Expose 'swap_buffers' method
• (uncategorized) Stylization shorthands (#283)
• (uncategorized) Add scrollbar widget (#228)

Bug Fixes

• (clippy) Unused_mut lint for layout (#285)
• (examples) Correct progress label in gauge example (#263)
• (layout) Cap Constraint::apply to 100% length (#264)
• (lint) Suspicious_double_ref_op is new in 1.71 (#311)
• (prelude) Remove widgets module from prelude (#317)
• (title) Remove default alignment and position (#323)
• (typos) Configure typos linter (#233)
• (uncategorized) Rust-tui-template became a revival project (#320)
• (uncategorized) Revert removal of WTFPL from deny.toml (#266)

Refactor

• (ci) Simplify cargo-make installation (#240)
• (text) Simplify reflow implementation (#290)

Documentation

• (color) Parse more color formats and add docs (#306)
• (lib) Add tui-term a pseudoterminal library (#268)
• (lib) Fixup tui refs in widgets/mod.rs (#216)
• (lib) Add backend docs (#213)
• (readme) Remove duplicated mention of tui-rs-tree-widgets (#223)
• (uncategorized) Improve CONTRIBUTING.md (#277)
• (uncategorized) Fix scrollbar ascii illustrations and calendar doc paths (#272)
• (uncategorized) README tweaks (#225)
• (uncategorized) Add CODEOWNERS file (#212)
• (uncategorized) Update README.md and add hello_world example (#204)

Styling

• (comments) Set comment length to wrap at 100 chars (#218)
• (config) Apply formatting to config files (#238)
• (manifest) Apply formatting to Cargo.toml (#237)
• (readme) Update the style of badges in README.md (#299)
• (widget) Inline format arguments (#279)
• (uncategorized) Fix formatting (#292)
• (uncategorized) Reformat imports (#219)

Testing

• (barchart) Add unit tests (#301)
• (paragraph) Simplify paragraph benchmarks (#282)
• (uncategorized) Add benchmarks for paragraph (#262)

Miscellaneous Tasks

• (ci) Bump cargo-make version (#239)
• (ci) Enable merge queue for builds (#235)
• (ci) Integrate cargo-deny for linting dependencies (#221)
• (commitizen) Add commitizen config (#222)
• (demo) Update demo gif (#234)
• (demo) Update demo gif with a fixed unicode gauge (#227)
• (features) Enable building with all-features (#286)
• (github) Add EditorConfig config (#300)
• (github) Simplify the CODEOWNERS file (#271)
• (github) Add pull request template (#269)
• (github) Fix the syntax in CODEOWNERS file (#236)
• (license) Add Ratatui developers to license (#297)
• (tests) Add coverage job to bacon (#312)
• (uncategorized) Lint and doc cleanup (#191)

Build

• (deps) Upgrade bitflags to 2.3 (#205) [breaking]
• (uncategorized) Add git pre-push hooks using cargo-husky (#274)

Continuous Integration

• (makefile) Split CI jobs (#278)
• (uncategorized) Parallelize CI jobs (#318)
• (uncategorized) Add feat-wrapping on push and on pull request ci triggers (#267)
• (uncategorized) Add code coverage action (#209)

Contributors

Thank you so much to everyone that contributed to this release!

Here is the list of contributors who have contributed to ratatui for the first time!

• @Nydragon
• @snpefk
• @Philipp-M
• @mrbcmorris
• @endepointe
• @kdheepak
• @samyosm
• @SLASHLogin
• @karthago1
• @BoolPurist
• @Nogesma

Features

• (backend) Add termwiz backend and example (#5)
• (block) Support placing the title on bottom (#36)
• (border) Add border! macro for easy bitflag manipulation (#11)
• (calendar) Add calendar widget (#138)
• (color) Add FromStr implementation for Color (#180)
• (list) Add len() to List (#24)
• (paragraph) Allow Lines to be individually aligned (#149)
• (sparkline) Finish #1 Sparkline directions PR (#134)
• (terminal) Add inline viewport (#114) [breaking]
• (test) Expose test buffer (#160)
• (text) Add Masked to display secure data (#168) [breaking]
• (widget) Add circle widget (#159)
• (widget) Add style methods to Span, Spans, Text (#148)
• (widget) Support adding padding to Block (#20)
• (widget) Add offset() and offset_mut() for table and list state (#12)

Bug Fixes

• (canvas) Use full block for Marker::Block (#133) [breaking]
• (example) Update input in examples to only use press events (#129)
• (uncategorized) Cleanup doc example (#145)
• (reflow) Remove debug macro call (#198)

Refactor

• (example) Remove redundant vec![] in user_input example (#26)
• (example) Refactor paragraph example (#152)
• (style) Mark some Style fns const so they can be defined globally (#115)
• (text) Replace Spans with Line (#178)

Documentation

• (apps) Fix rsadsb/adsb_deku radar link (#140)
• (apps) Add tenere (#141)
• (apps) Add twitch-tui (#124)
• (apps) Add oxycards (#113)
• (apps) Re-add trippy to APPS.md (#117)
• (block) Add example for block.inner (#158)
• (changelog) Update the empty profile link in contributors (#112)
• (readme) Fix small typo in readme (#186)
• (readme) Add termwiz demo to examples (#183)
• (readme) Add acknowledgement section (#154)
• (readme) Update project description (#127)
• (uncategorized) Scrape example code from examples/* (#195)

Styling

• (apps) Update the style of application list (#184)
• (readme) Update project introduction in README.md (#153)
• (uncategorized) Clippy's variable inlining in format macros

Testing

• (buffer) Add assert_buffer_eq! and Debug implementation (#161)
• (list) Add characterization tests for list (#167)
• (widget) Add unit tests for Paragraph (#156)

Miscellaneous Tasks

• (uncategorized) Inline format args (#190)
• (uncategorized) Minor lints, making Clippy happier (#189)

Build

• (uncategorized) Bump MSRV to 1.65.0 (#171)

Continuous Integration

• (uncategorized) Add ci, build, and revert to allowed commit types

Contributors

Thank you so much to everyone that contributed to this release!

Here is the list of contributors who have contributed to ratatui for the first time!

• @kpcyrd
• @fujiapple852
• @BrookJeynes
• @Ziqi-Yang
• @Xithrius
• @lesleyrs
• @pythops
• @wcampbell0x2a
• @sophacles
• @Eyesonjune18
• @a-kenji
• @TimerErTim
• @Mehrbod2002
• @thomas-mauran
• @nyurik

Bug Fixes

• (style) Bold needs a bit (#104)

Documentation

• (apps) Add "logss" to apps (#105)
• (uncategorized) Fixup remaining tui references (#106)

Contributors

Thank you so much to everyone that contributed to this release!

• @joshka
• @todoesverso
• @UncleScientist

This marks the first release of ratatui, a community-maintained fork of tui.

The purpose of this release is to include bug fixes and small changes into the repository thus no new features are added. We have transferred all the pull requests from the original repository and worked on the low hanging ones to incorporate them in this "maintenance" release.

Here is a list of changes:

Features

• (cd) Add continuous deployment workflow (#93)
• (ci) Add MacOS to CI (#60)
• (widget) Add offset() to TableState (#10)
• (widget) Add width() to ListItem (#17)

Bug Fixes

• (ci) Test MSRV compatibility on CI (#85)
• (ci) Bump Rust version to 1.63.0 (#80)
• (ci) Use env for the cargo-make version (#76)
• (ci) Fix deprecation warnings on CI (#58)
• (doc) Add 3rd party libraries accidentally removed at #21 (#61)
• (widget) List should not ignore empty string items (#42) [breaking]
• (uncategorized) Cassowary/layouts: add extra constraints for fixing Min(v)/Max(v) combination. (#31)
• (uncategorized) Fix user_input example double key press registered on windows
• (uncategorized) Ignore zero-width symbol on rendering Paragraph
• (uncategorized) Fix typos (#45)
• (uncategorized) Fix typos (#47)

Refactor

• (style) Make bitflags smaller (#13)

Documentation

• (apps) Move 'apps using ratatui' to dedicated file (#98) (#99)
• (canvas) Add documentation for x_bounds, y_bounds (#35)
• (contributing) Specify the use of unsafe for optimization (#67)
• (github) Remove pull request template (#68)
• (readme) Update crate status badge (#102)
• (readme) Small edits before first release (#101)
• (readme) Add install instruction and update title (#100)
• (readme) Add systeroid to application list (#92)
• (readme) Add glicol-cli to showcase list (#95)
• (readme) Add oxker to application list (#74)
• (readme) Add app kubectl-watch which uses tui (#73)
• (readme) Add poketex to 'apps using tui' in README (#64)
• (readme) Update README.md (#39)
• (readme) Update README.md (#40)
• (readme) Clarify README.md fork status update
• (uncategorized) Fix: fix typos (#90)
• (uncategorized) Update to build more backends (#81)
• (uncategorized) Expand "Apps" and "Third-party" sections (#21)
• (uncategorized) Add tui-input and update xplr in README.md
• (uncategorized) Add hncli to list of applications made with tui-rs (#41)
• (uncategorized) Updated readme and contributing guide with updates about the fork (#46)

Performance

• (layout) Better safe shared layout cache (#62)

Miscellaneous Tasks

• (cargo) Update project metadata (#94)
• (ci) Integrate typos for checking typos (#91)
• (ci) Change the target branch to main (#79)
• (ci) Re-enable clippy on CI (#59)
• (uncategorized) Integrate committed for checking conventional commits (#77)
• (uncategorized) Update rust-version to 1.59 in Cargo.toml (#57)
• (uncategorized) Update deps (#51)
• (uncategorized) Fix typo in layout.rs (#619)
• (uncategorized) Add apps using tui

Contributors

Thank you so much to everyone that contributed to this release!

• @orhun
• @mindoodoo
• @sayanarijit
• @Owletti
• @UncleScientist
• @rhysd
• @ckaznable
• @imuxin
• @mrjackwills
• @conradludgate
• @kianmeng
• @chaosprint

And most importantly, special thanks to Florian Dehau for creating this awesome library 💖 We look forward to building on the strong foundations that the original crate laid out.