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PyPI · #231 most downloaded on PyPI
The uncompromising code formatter.
Last release 4 months ago
18 May 2026
Release timing varies
gaps range from 2 weeks to 8 months
Nearly every release is documented
notes for 34 of 34 stable releases
1 version withdrawn
withdrawn after publishing
9 years old
73 releases · first in 2018
added --skip-string-normalization
added --include and --exclude (#270)
added --skip-string-normalization (#118)
added --verbose (#283)
the header output in --diff now actually conforms to the unified diff spec
fixed long trivial assignments being wrapped in unnecessary parentheses (#273)
fixed unnecessary parentheses when a line contained multiline strings (#232)
fixed stdin handling not working correctly if an old version of Click was used (#276)
Black now preserves line endings when formatting a file in place (#258)
Python grammar pickle caches are stored with the formatting caches, making _Black_ work in environments where site-packages is not user-writable
added --pyi (#249)
added --py36 (#249)
Python grammar pickle caches are stored with the formatting caches, making Black work in environments where site-packages is not user-writable (#192)
Black now enforces a PEP 257 empty line after a class-level docstring (and/or fields) and the first method
fixed invalid code produced when standalone comments were present in a trailer that was omitted from line splitting on a large expression (#237)
fixed optional parentheses being removed within # fmt: off sections (#224)
fixed invalid code produced when stars in very long imports were incorrectly wrapped in optional parentheses (#234)
fixed unstable formatting when inline comments were moved around in a trailer that was omitted from line splitting on a large expression (#238)
fixed extra empty line between a class declaration and the first method if no class docstring or fields are present (#219)
fixed extra empty line between a function signature and an inner function or inner class (#196)
One column per quarter.
call chains are now formatted according to the fluent interfaces style
call chains are now formatted according to the fluent interfaces style (#67)
data structure literals (tuples, lists, dictionaries, and sets) are now also always exploded like imports when they don't fit in a single line (#152)
slices are now formatted according to PEP 8 (#178)
parentheses are now also managed automatically on the right-hand side of assignments and return statements (#140)
math operators now use their respective priorities for delimiting multiline expressions (#148)
optional parentheses are now omitted on expressions that start or end with a bracket and only contain a single operator (#177)
empty parentheses in a class definition are now removed (#145, #180)
string prefixes are now standardized to lowercase and u is removed on Python 3.6+
only code and Python 2.7+ code with the unicode_literals future import (#188, #198,
#199)
typing stub files (.pyi) are now formatted in a style that is consistent with PEP
484 (#207, #210)
progress when reformatting many files is now reported incrementally
fixed trailers (content with brackets) being unnecessarily exploded into their own lines after a dedented closing bracket (#119)
fixed an invalid trailing comma sometimes left in imports (#185)
fixed non-deterministic formatting when multiple pairs of removable parentheses were used (#183)
fixed multiline strings being unnecessarily wrapped in optional parentheses in long assignments (#215)
fixed not splitting long from-imports with only a single name
fixed Python 3.6+ file discovery by also looking at function calls with unpacking. This fixed non-deterministic formatting if trailing commas where used both in function signatures with stars and function calls with stars but the former would be reformatted to a single line.
fixed crash on dealing with optional parentheses (#193)
fixed "is", "is not", "in", and "not in" not considered operators for splitting purposes
fixed crash when dead symlinks where encountered
don't populate the cache on --check
--check (#175)added a "cache"; files already reformatted that haven't changed on disk won't be reformatted again
added a "cache"; files already reformatted that haven't changed on disk won't be reformatted again (#109)
--check and --diff are no longer mutually exclusive (#149)
generalized star expression handling, including double stars; this fixes multiplication making expressions "unsafe" for trailing commas (#132)
Black no longer enforces putting empty lines behind control flow statements (#90)
Black now splits imports like "Mode 3 + trailing comma" of isort (#127)
fixed comment indentation when a standalone comment closes a block (#16, #32)
fixed standalone comments receiving extra empty lines if immediately preceding a class, def, or decorator (#56, #154)
fixed --diff not showing entire path (#130)
fixed parsing of complex expressions after star and double stars in function calls (#2)
fixed invalid splitting on comma in lambda arguments (#133)
fixed missing splits of ternary expressions (#141)
fixed parsing of unaligned standalone comments (#99, #112)
fixed parsing of unaligned standalone comments (#99, #112)
fixed placement of dictionary unpacking inside dictionary literals (#111)
Vim plugin now works on Windows, too
fixed unstable formatting when encountering unnecessarily escaped quotes in a string (#120)
added automatic parentheses management
added --quiet (#78)
added automatic parentheses management (#4)
added pre-commit integration (#103, #104)
fixed reporting on --check with multiple files (#101, #102)
fixed removing backslash escapes from raw strings (#100, #105)
add line breaks before all delimiters, except in cases like commas, to better comply with PEP 8
added --diff (#87)
add line breaks before all delimiters, except in cases like commas, to better comply with PEP 8 (#73)
standardize string literals to use double quotes (almost) everywhere (#75)
fixed handling of standalone comments within nested bracketed expressions; Black will no longer produce super long lines or put all standalone comments at the end of the expression (#22)
fixed 18.3a4 regression: don't crash and burn on empty lines with trailing whitespace (#80)
fixed 18.3a4 regression: # yapf: disable usage as trailing comment would cause
Black to not emit the rest of the file (#95)
when CTRL+C is pressed while formatting many files, Black no longer freaks out with a flurry of asyncio-related exceptions
only allow up to two empty lines on module level and only single empty lines within functions (#74)
automatic detection of deprecated Python 2 forms of print statements and exec statements in the formatted file
# fmt: off and # fmt: on are implemented (#5)
automatic detection of deprecated Python 2 forms of print statements and exec statements in the formatted file (#49)
use proper spaces for complex expressions in default values of typed function arguments (#60)
only return exit code 1 when --check is used (#50)
don't remove single trailing commas from square bracket indexing (#59)
don't omit whitespace if the previous factor leaf wasn't a math operator (#55)
omit extra space in kwarg unpacking if it's the first argument (#46)
omit extra space in Sphinx auto-attribute comments (#68)
don't remove single empty lines outside of bracketed expressions
don't remove single empty lines outside of bracketed expressions (#19)
added ability to pipe formatting from stdin to stdin (#25)
restored ability to format code with legacy usage of async as a name (#20, #42)
even better handling of numpy-style array indexing (#33, again)
changed positioning of binary operators to occur at beginning of lines instead of at the end, following a recent change to PEP 8
changed positioning of binary operators to occur at beginning of lines instead of at the end, following a recent change to PEP 8 (#21)
ignore empty bracket pairs while splitting. This avoids very weirdly looking formattings (#34, #35)
remove a trailing comma if there is a single argument to a call
if top level functions were separated by a comment, don't put four empty lines after the upper function
fixed unstable formatting of newlines with imports
fixed unintentional folding of post scriptum standalone comments into last statement if it was a simple statement (#18, #28)
fixed missing space in numpy-style array indexing (#33)
fixed spurious space after star-based unary expressions (#31)
only put trailing commas in function signatures and calls if it's safe to do so. If the file is Python 3.6+ it's always safe, otherwise only safe if t
added --check
only put trailing commas in function signatures and calls if it's safe to do so. If
the file is Python 3.6+ it's always safe, otherwise only safe if there are no *args
or **kwargs used in the signature or call. (#8)
fixed invalid spacing of dots in relative imports (#6, #13)
fixed invalid splitting after comma on unpacked variables in for-loops (#23)
fixed spurious space in parenthesized set expressions (#7)
fixed spurious space after opening parentheses and in default arguments (#14, #17)
fixed spurious space after unary operators when the operand was a complex expression (#15)
first published version, Happy 🍰 Day 2018!
first published version, Happy 🍰 Day 2018!
alpha quality
date-versioned (see: https://calver.org/)
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