fiona

This is the first release candidate for 1.10.0.

Changes

• Mutable item access to Feature, Geometry, and Properties instances has been restored (reported in #1430). This usage should be avoided as instances of these classes will be immutable in a future version.
• The setup.cfg duplicates project configuration in pyproject.toml and has been removed.

Packaging

• PyPI wheels include GDAL 3.9.2.

Please see the CHANGES file for a more detailed enumeration of changes since version 1.10b1. Unless showstopper bugs are found in this release, expect a final 1.10.0 release in two weeks.

Bug fixes

• The sketchy, semi-private Python opener interfaces of version 1.10b2 have been replaced by ABCs that are exported from fiona.abc (#1415). How to implement the interfaces and provide a custom opener is documented in test_pyopener.py and will be included in the documentation for version 1.10.0.
• The truncate GDAL VSI plugin callback has been implemented (#1413).

Please see the CHANGES file for a more detailed enumeration of changes since version 1.9.6. Unless showstopper bugs are found in this release, expect a release candidate in two weeks.

This is the second beta release for Fiona 1.10. There are no new features, only bug fixes:

Bug fixes

• The Pyopener registry and VSI plugin have been rewritten to avoid filename conflicts and to be compatible with multithreading. Now, a new plugin handler is registered for each instance of using an opener (#1408). Before GDAL 3.9.0 plugin handlers cannot not be removed and so it may be observed that the size of the Pyopener registry grows during the execution of a program.
• A CSLConstList ctypedef has been added and is used where appropriate (#1404).
• Fiona model objects have a informative, printable representation again (#1380).

Packaging

• PyPI wheels include GDAL 3.9.1 and curl 8.8.0.

Please see the CHANGES file for a more detailed enumeration of changes since version 1.9.6. Unless showstopper bugs are found in this release, expect a release candidate in two weeks.

This is the first beta release for Fiona 1.10. There are no new features, only one bug fix:

• Fiona can again set fields with values that are instances of classes derived from date, time, and datetime (#1377). This was broken by changes in 1.10a2.

Please see the CHANGES file for a more detailed enumeration of changes since version 1.9.6. Unless showstopper bugs are found in this release, expect a release candidate in two weeks.

This is the second 1.10 pre-release. The changes since 1.10a1 are enumerated below.

Deprecations

• The FIELD_TYPES, FIELD_TYPES_MAP, and FIELD_TYPES_MAP_REV attributes of fiona.schema are no longer used by the project and will be removed in version 2.0 (#1366).
• The Python style of rio-filter expressions introduced in version 1.0 are deprecated. Only the parenthesized list type of expression will be supported by version 2.0.

New features

• All supported Fiona field types are now represented by classes in fiona.schema. These classes are mapped in FIELD_TYPES_MAP2 and FIELD_TYPES_MAP2_REV to OGR field type and field subtype pairs (#1366).
• The filter, map, and reduce CLI commands from the public domain version 1.1.0 of fio-planet have been incorporated into Fiona's core set of commands (#1362). These commands are only available if pyparsing and shapely (each of these are declared in the "calc" set of extra requirements) are installed.

Bug fixes

• Fiona's python opener VSI plugin prefix has been changed to "vsifiopener" to not conflict with Rasterio (#1368).
• Add a 16-bit integer type "int16" based on OGR's OSFTInt16 integer sub-type (#1358).
• Allow a GeoJSON collection's layer name to be set on opening in write mode (#1352).
• The legacy crs.py module which was shadowed by the new crs.pyx module has been deleted (#1344).
• Python 3.8 has been added back to the list of supported versions and a dependency on Numpy added in 1.10a1 has been removed.
• An implementation of the VSI flush callback has been added to _vsiopener.pyx.
• Openers are now registered only by urlpath. The mode is no longer considered as OGR drivers may use a mix of modes when creating a new dataset.

Other changes

• Feature builder and field getter/setter instances are reused when reading and writing features (#1366).

Packaging

Aftermath of the "xz hackdoor" incident (see #1367) is preventing us from building Windows wheels for this release. You may expect them for the first 1.10 release candidate, if not sooner, and for the final 1.10.0 release.

Future 1.10 pre-releases will be announced at #1332.

This is the first 1.10 pre-release.

Python version

Fiona 1.10 will require Python version 3.8 or higher.

Deprecations

The fiona.path module will be removed in version 2.0 and a deprecation warning is issued when the module is imported (#1334). Additionally, members of that module are no longer exported from the top level module.

New features

Python openers can now support discovery of auxiliary "sidecar" files like .aux.xml, .msk, and .tfw files for GeoTIFFs (#1331). Additionally, filesystem objects, such as those from fsspec and tiledb, can be used as openers. This will become the recommended usage, supplanting the use of single file openers.

Bug fixes

• Use of pkg_resources in test_rio_info.py has been eliminated.
• gzip, tar, and zip archive URIs containing drive letters were not always parsed properly on Windows, but are now (#1334).

Packaging

• PyPI wheels include GDAL 3.8.4, PROJ 9.3.1, and GEOS 3.11.2.

Future 1.10 pre-releases will be announced at #1332.

This is very likely the last 1.9.x release and fixes several bugs that can't wait until 1.10.0.

Bug fixes

• Ensure that geometry types in a schema are translated to a linear type, as geometry instances are (#1313).
• Fix broken stable API documentation on Read The Docs.
• Remove install requirement of setuptools, a regression introduced in 1.9.5.

Bug fixes

• Expand keys in schema mismatch exception, resolving #1278.
• Preserve the null properties and geometry of a Feature when serializing (#1276).

Packaging

• The distribution name is now officially "fiona", not "Fiona". The import name remains fiona.
• Builds now require Cython >= 3.0.2 (#1276).
• PyPI wheels include GDAL 3.6.4, PROJ 9.0.1, and GEOS 3.11.2.
• PyPI wheels include curl 8.4.0, addressing CVE-2023-38545 and CVE-38546.
• PyPI wheels are now available for Python 3.12.

Extraneous files were unintentionally packaged in the 1.9.4 wheels. This post1 release excludes them so that wheel contents are as in version 1.9.3.

Version 1.9.4 has important bug fixes and improvements and, in the PyPI wheels, updates GDAL to 3.6.4.

• The performance of Feature.from_dict() has been improved (#1267).
• Several sources of meaningless log messages from fiona._geometry about NULL geometries are avoided (#1264).
• The Parquet driver has been added to the list of supported drivers and will be available if your system's GDAL library links libarrow. Note that fiona wheels on PyPI do not include libarrow as it is rather large.
• Ensure that fiona._vendor modules are found and included.
• Bytes type feature properties are now hex encoded when serializing to GeoJSON (#1263).
• Docstrings for listdir and listlayers have been clarified and harmonized.
• Nose style test cases have been converted to unittest.TestCase (#1256).
• The munch package used by fio-filter and fio-calc is now vendored and patched to remove usage of the deprecated pkg_resources module (#1255).

Version 1.9.3 has a handful of important bug fixes and, in the PyPI wheels, upgrades GEOS to 3.11.2.

• Rasterio CRS objects are compatible with the Collection constructor and are now accepted (#1248).
• Append mode for fio-load has been enabled (#1237).
• Reading a GeoJSON with an empty array property can result in a segmentation fault since version 1.9.0. This has been fixed (#1228).

Version 1.9.2 has a handful of important bug fixes.

• The fio CLI now gets its command entry points using importlib.metadata (#1220). The project has no more runtime dependency on setuptools.
• Instead of warning, transform_geom() raises an exception when some points can't be reprojected unless the caller opts in to partial reprojection. This restores the behavior of version 1.8.22.
• Add support for open options to all CLI commands that call fiona.open (#1215).
• Fix a memory leak that can occur when iterating over a dataset using strides (#1205).
• ZipMemoryFile now supports zipped GDB data (#1203).

The 1.9.0 release revealed a few bugs. Here are the ones we felt should be squished immediately.

• Log a warning message when identically named fields are encountered (#1201).
• Avoid dependence on listdir order in tests (#1193).
• Prevent empty geometries arrays from appearing in __geo_interface__ (#1197).
• setuptools added to pyproject.toml. Its pkg_resources module is used by the CLI (#1191).

Wheels on PyPI include the same versions of GEOS, GDAL, and PROJ as in 1.9.0 but also patch GDAL 3.5.3 (https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/pull/7171).

This is 1.9.0.

The GitHub release notes have been clobbered accidentally. We'll try to restore them if/when we can.

1.9b2 (2023-01-22)

The second 1.9 beta release is ready for early testing. All of the features planned for 1.9.0 are in this release.

The binary wheels on PyPI include GDAL 3.5.3, GEOS 3.11.1, and PROJ 9.0.1. To try the wheels, run pip install --pre fiona.

Changes

• Add Feature.__geo_interface__ property (#1181).
• Invalid creation options are filtered and ignored (#1180).
• The readme doc has been shortened and freshened up, with a modern example for version 1.9.0 (#1174). Advanced installation instructions have been moved to a separate doc.
• The Geometry class now provides and looks for __geo_interface__ (#1174).
• The top level fiona module now exports Feature, Geometry, and Properties (#1174).
• Functions that take Feature or Geometry objects will continue to take dicts or objects that provide __geo_interface__ (#1177). This reverses the deprecation introduced in 1.9a2.
• Python ignores SIGPIPE by default. By never catching BrokenPipeError via except Exception when, for example, piping the output of rio-shapes to the Unix head program, we avoid getting an unhandled BrokenPipeError message when the interpreter shuts down (#2689).

The first 1.9 beta release is ready for early testing. All of the features planned for 1.9.0 are in this release.

The binary wheels on PyPI include GDAL 3.5.3, GEOS 3.11.1, and PROJ 9.0.1. To try the wheels, run pip install --pre fiona.

New features

• Add listdir and listlayers method to io.MemoryFile (resolving #754).
• Add support for TIN and triangle geometries (#1163).
• Add an allow_unsupported_drivers option to fiona.open() (#1126).
• Added support for the OGR StringList field type (#1141).

Changes and bug fixes

• Missing and unused imports have been added or removed.
• Make sure that errors aren't lost when a collection can't be saved properly (#1169).
• Ensure that ZipMemoryFile have the proper GDAL name after creation so that we can use listdir() (#1092).
• The fiona._loading module, which supports DLL loading on Windows, has been moved into __init__.py and is no longer used anywhere else (#1168).
• Move project metadata to pyproject.toml (#1165).
• Update drvsupport.py to reflect new format capabilities in GDAL 3.6.0 (#1122).
• Remove debug logging from env and _env modules.

Builds now require Cython >= 0.29.29 because of https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4609 (see https://github.com/Toblerity/Fiona/issues/1143).

Wheels include GDAL 3.5.2, PROJ 9.0.1, and GEOS 3.11.0 and are available for Python versions 3.7-3.11.

The second 1.9 pre-release is ready for early testing. Not all of the features planned for 1.9.0 are in this release, and some of the features here may yet be modified. Please pay close attention to the deprecations and packaging changes.

The binary wheels on PyPI include GDAL 3.5.0 and PROJ 9.0.0, the latest versions of each. To try the wheels, run pip install --pre fiona.

Deprecations:

• Fiona's API methods will accept feature and geometry dicts in 1.9.0, but this usage is deprecated. Instances of Feature and Geometry will be required in 2.0.
• The precision keyword argument of fiona.transform.transform_geom is deprecated and will be removed in version 2.0.
• Deprecated usage has been eliminated in the project. Fiona's tests pass when run with a -Werror::DeprecationWarning filter.

Changes:

• Fiona's FionaDeprecationWarning now sub-classes DeprecationWarning.
• Some test modules have beeen re-formatted using black.

New features:

• Fiona Collections now carry a context exit stack into which we can push fiona Envs and MemoryFiles (#1059).
• Fiona has a new CRS class, like rasterio's, which is compatible with the CRS dicts of previous versions (#714).

The first 1.9 pre-release is ready for early testing. Not all of the features planned for 1.9.0 are in this release, and some of the features here may yet be modified. Please pay close attention to the deprecations and packaging changes.

The binary wheels on PyPI include GDAL 3.5.0 and PROJ 9.0.0, the latest versions of each.

Deprecations:

• The fiona.drivers() function has been deprecated and will be removed in version 2.0. It should be replaced by fiona.Env().
• The new fiona.meta module will be renamed to fiona.drivers in version 2.0.

Packaging:

• Source distributions contain no C source files and require Cython to create them from .pyx files (#1096).

Changes:

• Shims for various versions of GDAL have been removed and are replaced by Cython compilation conditions (#1093).
• Use of CURL_CA_BUNDLE environment variable is replaced by a more specific GDAL/PROJ_CURL_CA_BUNDLE (#1095).
• Fiona's feature accessors now return instances of fiona.model.Feature instead of Python dicts (#787). The Feature class is compatible with code that expects GeoJSON-like dicts but also provides id, geometry, and properties attributes. The last two of these are instances of fiona.model.Geometry and fiona.model.Properties.
• GDAL 3.1.0 is the minimum GDAL version.
• Drop Python 2, and establish Python 3.7 as the minimum version (#1079).
• Remove six and reduce footprint of fiona.compat (#985).

New features:

• The appropriate format driver can be detected from filename in write mode (#948).
• Driver metadata including dataset open and dataset and layer creations options are now exposed through methods of the fiona.meta module (#950).
• CRS WKT format support (#979).
• Add 'where' SQL clause to set attribute filter (#961, #1097).

Bug fixes:

• Env and Session classes have been updated for parity with rasterio and to resolve a credential refresh bug (#1055).

Builds now require Cython >= 0.29.29 because of https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4609 (see #1143).

Wheels include GDAL 3.4.3, PROJ 8.2.1, and GEOS 3.10.2.

Changes:

• Driver mode support tests have been made more general and less susceptible to driver quirks involving feature fields and coordinate values (#1060).
• OSError is raised on attempts to open a dataset in a Python file object in "a" mode (see #1027).
• Upgrade attrs, cython, etc to open up Python 3.10 support (#1049).

Bug fixes:

• Allow FieldSkipLogFilter to handle exception messages as well as strings (reported in #1035).
• Clean up VSI files left by MemoryFileBase, resolving #1041.
• Hard-coded "utf-8" collection encoding added in #423 has been removed (#1057).

Packaging:

• Wheels include GDAL 3.3.0 and GEOS 3.9.1.

Bug fixes:

• Allow use with click 8 and higher (#1015).

Packaging:

• Wheels include GDAL 3.2.1 and PROJ 7.2.1.

Bug fixes:

• In fiona/env.py the GDAL data path is now configured using set_gdal_config instead by setting the GDAL_DATA environment variable (#1007).
• Spurious iterator reset warnings have been eliminatged (#987).

• The precision option of transform has been fixed for the case of GeometryCollections (#971, #972).
• Added missing --co (creation) option to fio-load (#390).
• If the certifi package can be imported, its certificate store location will be passed to GDAL during import of fiona._env unless CURL_CA_BUNDLE is already set.
• Warn when feature fields named "" are found (#955).

• To fix issue #952 the fio-cat command no longer cuts feature geometries at the anti-meridian by default. A --cut-at-antimeridian option has been added to allow cutting of geometries in a geographic destination coordinate reference system.

• More OGR errors and warnings arising in calls to GDAL C API functions are surfaced (#946).
• A circular import introduced in some cases in 1.8.15 has been fixed (#945).

• Change shim functions to not return tuples (#942) as a solution for the packaging problem reported in #941.
• Raise a Python exception when VSIFOpenL fails (#937).

• When creating a new Collection in a MemoryFile with a default (random) name Fiona will attempt to use a format driver-supported file extension (#934). When initializing a MemoryFile with bytes of data formatted for a vector driver that requires a certain file name or extension, the user should continue to pass an appropriate filename and/or extension.
• Read support for FlatGeobuf has been enabled in the drvsupport module.
• The MemoryFile implementation has been improved so that it can support multi-part S3 downloads (#906). This is largely a port of code from rasterio.
• Axis ordering for results of fiona.transform was wrong when CRS were passed in the "EPSG:dddd" form (#919). This has been fixed by (#926).
• Allow implicit access to the only dataset in a ZipMemoryFile. The path argument of ZipMemoryFile.open() is now optional (#928).
• Improve support for datetime types: support milliseconds (#744), timezones (#914) and improve warnings if type is not supported by driver (#572).
• Fix "Failed to commit transaction" TransactionError for FileGDB driver.
• Load GDAL DLL dependencies on Python 3.8+ / Windows with add_dll_directory() (#851).
• Do not require optional properties (#848).
• Ensure that slice does not overflow available data (#884).
• Resolve issue when "ERROR 4: Unable to open EPSG support file gcs.csv." is raised on importing fiona (#897).
• Resolve issue resulting in possible mixed up fields names (affecting only DXF, GPX, GPSTrackMacker and DGN driver) (#916).
• Ensure crs_wkt is passed when writing to MemoryFile (#907).

This release is being made to improve binary wheel compatibility with shapely 1.7.0. There have been no changes to the fiona package code since 1.8.13.

• The Python version specs for argparse and ordereddict in 1.8.12 were wrong and have been corrected (#843).

• Specify Python versions for argparse, enum34, and ordereddict requirements (#842).

• Fix an access violation on Windows (#826).

Deprecations:

• Use of vfs keyword argument with open or listlayers has been previously noted as deprecated, but now triggers a deprecation warning.

Bug fixes:

• fiona.open() can now create new datasets using CRS URNs (#823).
• listlayers() now accepts file and Path objects, like open() (#825).
• Use new set_proj_search_path() function to set the PROJ data search path. For GDAL versions before 3.0 this sets the PROJ_LIB environment variable. For GDAL version 3.0 this calls OSRSetPROJSearchPaths(), which overrides PROJ_LIB.
• Remove old and unused _drivers extension module.
• Check for header.dxf file instead of pcs.csv when looking for installed GDAL data. The latter is gone with GDAL 3.0 but the former remains (#818).

• The 1.8.9.post1 release introduced a bug affecting builds of the package from a source distribution using GDAL 2.x. This bug has been fixed in commit 960568d.

• A change has been made to the package setup script so that the shim module for GDAL 3 is used when building the package from a source distribution. There are no other changes to the package.

• A shim module and support for GDAL 3.0 has been added. The package can now be built and used with GDAL 3.0 and PROJ 6.1 or 6.2. Note that the 1.8.9 wheels we will upload to PyPI will contain GDAL 2.4.2 and PROJ 4.9.3 as in the 1.8.8 wheels.

• The schema of geopackage files with a geometry type code of 3000 could not be reported using Fiona 1.8.7. This bug is fixed.

Bug fixes:

• Regression in handling of polygons with M values noted under version 1.8.5 below was in fact not fixed then (see new report #789), but is fixed in version 1.8.7.
• Windows filenames containing "!" are now parsed correctly, fixing issue #742.

Upcoming changes:

• In version 1.9.0, the objects yielded when a Collection is iterated will be mutable mappings but will no longer be instances of Python's dict. Version 1.9 is intended to be backwards compatible with 1.8 except where user code tests isinstance(feature, dict). In version 2.0 the new Feature, Geometry, and Properties classes will become immutable mappings. See https://github.com/Toblerity/fiona-rfc/blob/main/rfc/0001-fiona-2-0-changes.md for more discussion of the upcoming changes for version 2.0.

• The advertisement for JSON driver enablement in 1.8.5 was false (#176), but in this release they are ready for use.

• GDAL seems to work best if GDAL_DATA is set as early as possible. Ideally it is set when building the library or in the environment before importing Fiona, but for wheels we patch GDAL_DATA into os.environ when fiona.env is imported. This resolves #731.
• A combination of bugs which allowed .cpg files to be overlooked has been fixed (#726).
• On entering a collection context (Collection.enter) a new anonymous GDAL environment is created if needed and entered. This makes with fiona.open(...) as collection: roughly equivalent to with fiona.open(...) as collection, Env():. This helps prevent bugs when Collections are created and then used later or in different scopes.
• Missing GDAL support for TopoJSON, GeoJSONSeq, and ESRIJSON has been enabled (#721).
• A regression in handling of polygons with M values (#724) has been fixed.
• Per-feature debug logging calls in OGRFeatureBuilder methods have been eliminated to improve feature writing performance (#718).
• Native support for datasets in Google Cloud Storage identified by "gs" resource names has been added (#709).
• Support has been added for triangle, polyhedral surface, and TIN geometry types (#679).
• Notes about using the MemoryFile and ZipMemoryFile classes has been added to the manual (#674).

• 3D geometries can now be transformed with a specified precision (#523).
• A bug producing a spurious DriverSupportError for Shapefiles with a "time" field (#692) has been fixed.
• Patching of the GDAL_DATA environment variable was accidentally left in place in 1.8.3 and now has been removed.

• The RASTERIO_ENV config environment marker this project picked up from Rasterio has been renamed to FIONA_ENV (#665).
• Options --gdal-data and --proj-data have been added to the fio-env command so that users of Rasterio wheels can get paths to set GDAL_DATA and PROJ_LIB environment variables.
• The unsuccessful attempt to make GDAL and PROJ support file discovery and configuration automatic within collection's crs and crs_wkt properties has been reverted. Users must execute such code inside a with Env() block or set the GDAL_DATA and PROJ_LIB environment variables needed by GDAL.

Bug fixes:

• Raise FionaValueError when an iterator's next is called and the session is found to be missing or inactive instead of passing a null pointer to OGR_L_GetNextFeature (#687).

Bug fixes:

• Add checks around OSRGetAuthorityName and OSRGetAuthorityCode calls that will log problems with looking up these items.
• Opened data sources are now released before we raise exceptions in WritingSession.start (#676). This fixes an issue with locked files on Windows.
• We now ensure that an Env instance exists when getting the crs or crs_wkt properties of a Collection (#673, #690). Otherwise, required GDAL and PROJ data files included in Fiona wheels can not be found.
• GDAL and PROJ data search has been refactored to improve testability (#678).
• In the project's Cython code, void* pointers have been replaced with proper GDAL types (#672).
• Pervasive warning level log messages about ENCODING creation options (#668) have been eliminated.

Fiona 1.8.0 is on PyPI today. Congratulations to all 46 developers (see the credits) file and many thanks to everyone who took the time to report a bug or test a new feature.

Much of the motivation for this version has been provided by the GeoPandas project. Working with Joris Van den Bossche et al. on various issues has been a pleasure.

There are no known breaking changes in 1.8.0. Python warnings should be expected in several cases of class and method deprecation.

• The fiona.drivers() context manager is being replaced by fiona.Env(), which also registers format drivers and has the same properties as the GDAL configuration manager in Rasterio.
• Collection slicing will be disallowed in a future version of Fiona to remove the confusion between mapping and list semantics for Collection objects. Code such as fiona.open(“example.shp”)[1:10] should be changed to list(fiona.open(“example.shp”))[1:10].

This version has new features, including a set from the Rasterio project.

• Fiona has an increased and configurable transaction size for record writes, which makes the GeoPackage format fully usable in Fiona.
• The “http” and “https” URI schemes for datasets are now fully supported, providing direct access to vector data on the web. Support for an “s3” does the same for data in AWS S3 buckets.
• Support for “zip”, “zip+https”, and “zip+s3” datasets allows users to access records in zipped Shapefiles (for example) without needing to unzip them, whether on a local file system, on the web, or in S3.
• New MemoryFile and ZipMemoryFile classes provide easy access to datasets in streams of bytes.

Major refactoring was required to bring new features over from Rasterio and to modernize our use of Cython. This was a huge lift, largely done by Joshua Arnott. Elliott Sales de Andrade took the lead on finishing the migration of Fiona’s tests to pytest.

There are no changes in 1.8rc1 other than more test standardization and the introduction of a temporary test_collection_legacy.py module to support the build of fully tested Python 2.7 macosx wheels on Travis-CI.

Bug fixes:

• The ensure_env_with_credentials decorator will no longer clobber credentials of the outer environment. This fixes a bug reported to the Rasterio project and which also existed in Fiona.
• An unused import of the packaging module and the dependency have been removed (#653).
• The Env class logged to the 'rasterio' hierarchy instead of 'fiona'. This mistake has been corrected (#646).
• The Mapping abstract base class is imported from collections.abc when possible (#647).

Refactoring:

• Standardization of the tests on pytest functions and fixtures continues and is nearing completion (#648, #649, #650, #651, #652).

Deprecations:

• Collection slicing has been deprecated and will be prohibited in a future version.

Bug fixes:

• Rasterio CRS objects passed to transform module methods will be converted to dicts as needed (#590).
• Implicitly convert curve geometries to their linear approximations rather than failing (#617).
• Migrated unittest test cases in test_collection.py and test_layer.py to the use of the standard data_dir and path_coutwildrnp_shp fixtures (#616).
• Root logger configuration has been removed from all test scripts (#615).
• An AWS session is created for the CLI context Env only if explicitly requested, matching the behavior of Rasterio's CLI (#635).
• Dependency on attrs is made explicit.
• Other dependencies are pinned to known good versions in requirements files.
• Unused arguments have been removed from the Env constructor (#637).

Refactoring:

• A with_context_env decorator has been added and used to set up the GDAL environment for CLI commands. The command functions themselves are now simplified.

• This post-release adds missing expat (and thereby GPX format) support to the included GDAL library (still version 2.2.2).

• The encoding keyword argument for fiona.open(), which is intended to allow a caller to override a data source's own and possibly erroneous encoding, has not been working (#510, #512). The problem is that we weren't always setting GDAL open or config options before opening the data sources. This bug is resolved by a number of commits in the maint-1.7 branch and the fix is demonstrated in tests/test_encoding.py.
• An --encoding option has been added to fio-load to enable creation of encoded shapefiles with an accompanying .cpg file (#499, #517).

• A post-release has been made to fix a problem with macosx wheels uploaded to PyPI.

Bug fixes:

• An extraneous printed line from the rio cat --layers validator has been removed (#478).

Packaging:

• Official OS X and Manylinux1 wheels (on PyPI) for this release will be compatible with Shapely 1.6.2 and Rasterio 1.0a10 wheels.

This release introduces no changes in the Fiona package. It upgrades GDAL from 2.2.0 to 2.2.1 in wheels that we publish to the Python Package Index.

Bug fixes:

• Acquire the GIL for GDAL error callback functions to prevent crashes when GDAL errors occur when the GIL has been released by user code.
• Sync and flush layers when closing even when the number of features is not precisely known (#467).

Bug fixes:

• Provide all arguments needed by CPLError based exceptions (#456).