pybind11

For polymorphic types, use RTTI to try to return the closest type registered with pybind11

Pickling support for serializing and unserializing C++ instances to a byte stream in Python

Added a convenience routine make_iterator() which turns a range indicated by a pair of C++ iterators into a iterable Python object

Added len() and a variadic make_tuple() function

Addressed a rare issue that could confuse the current virtual function dispatcher and another that could lead to crashes in multi-threaded applications

Added a get_include() function to the Python module that returns the path of the directory containing the installed pybind11 header files

Documentation improvements: import issues, symbol visibility, pickling, limitations

Added casting support for std::reference_wrapper<>

Transparent type conversion for std::wstring and wchar_t

Allow passing nullptr -valued strings

Transparent passing of void * pointers using capsules

Transparent support for returning values wrapped in std::unique_ptr<>

Improved docstring generation for compatibility with Sphinx

Nicer debug error message when default parameter construction fails

Support for “opaque” types that bypass the transparent conversion layer for STL containers

Redesigned type casting interface to avoid ambiguities that could occasionally cause compiler errors

Redesigned property implementation; fixes crashes due to an unfortunate default return value policy

Anaconda package generation support

Added support for the Intel C++ compiler (v15+)

Added support for the STL unordered set/map data structures

Added support for the STL linked list data structure

NumPy-style broadcasting support in pybind11::vectorize

pybind11 now displays more verbose error messages when arg::operator=() fails

pybind11 internal data structures now live in a version-dependent namespace to avoid ABI issues

Many, many bugfixes involving corner cases and advanced usage

Optional: efficient generation of function signatures at compile time using C++14

Switched to a simpler and more general way of dealing with function default arguments. Unused keyword arguments in function calls are now detected and cause errors as expected

New keep_alive call policy analogous to Boost.Python’s with_custodian_and_ward

New pybind11::base<> attribute to indicate a subclass relationship

Improved interface for RAII type wrappers in pytypes.h

Use RAII type wrappers consistently within pybind11 itself. This fixes various potential refcount leaks when exceptions occur

Added new bytes RAII type wrapper (maps to string in Python 2.7)

Made handle and related RAII classes const correct, using them more consistently everywhere now

Got rid of the ugly pybind11 attributes on the Python side—they are now stored in a C++ hash table that is not visible in Python

Fixed refcount leaks involving NumPy arrays and bound functions

Vastly improved handling of shared/smart pointers

Removed an unnecessary copy operation in pybind11::vectorize

Fixed naming clashes when both pybind11 and NumPy headers are included

Added conversions for additional exception types

Documentation improvements (using multiple extension modules, smart pointers, other minor clarifications)

unified infrastructure for parsing variadic arguments in class_ and cpp_function

Fixed license text (was: ZLIB, should have been: 3-clause BSD)

Python 3.2 compatibility

Fixed remaining issues when accessing types in another plugin module

Added enum comparison and casting methods

Improved SFINAE-based detection of whether types are copy-constructible

Eliminated many warnings about unused variables and the use of offsetof()

Support for std::array<> conversions

Initial release

On this page

• Changelog

• Version 3.1.0 (August 6, 2026)

• Version 3.0.4 (April 18, 2026)

• Version 3.0.3 (March 31, 2026)

• Version 3.0.2 (February 16, 2026)

• Version 3.0.1 (August 22, 2025)

• Version 3.0.0 (July 10, 2025)

• Version 2.13.6 (September 13, 2024)

• Version 2.13.5 (August 22, 2024)

• Version 2.13.4 (August 14, 2024)

• Version 2.13.3 (August 13, 2024)

• Version 2.13.2 (August 13, 2024)

• Version 2.13.1 (June 26, 2024)

• Version 2.13.0 (June 25, 2024)

• Version 2.12.1 (September 13, 2024)

• Version 2.12.0 (March 27, 2024)

• Version 2.11.2 (September 13, 2024)

• Version 2.11.1 (July 17, 2023)

• Version 2.11.0 (July 14, 2023)

• Version 2.10.4 (Mar 16, 2023)

• Version 2.10.3 (Jan 3, 2023)

• Version 2.10.2 (Dec 20, 2022)

• Version 2.10.1 (Oct 31, 2022)

• Version 2.10.0 (Jul 15, 2022)

• Version 2.9.2 (Mar 29, 2022)

• Version 2.9.1 (Feb 2, 2022)

• Version 2.9.0 (Dec 28, 2021)

• v2.8.1 (Oct 27, 2021)

• v2.8.0 (Oct 4, 2021)

• v2.7.1 (Aug 3, 2021)

• v2.7.0 (Jul 16, 2021)

• v2.6.2 (Jan 26, 2021)

• v2.6.1 (Nov 11, 2020)

• v2.6.0 (Oct 21, 2020)

• v2.5.0 (Mar 31, 2020)

• v2.4.3 (Oct 15, 2019)

• v2.4.2 (Sep 21, 2019)

• v2.4.1 (Sep 20, 2019)

• v2.4.0 (Sep 19, 2019)

• v2.3.0 (June 11, 2019)

• v2.2.4 (September 11, 2018)

• v2.2.3 (April 29, 2018)

• v2.2.2 (February 7, 2018)

• v2.2.1 (September 14, 2017)

• v2.2.0 (August 31, 2017)

• v2.1.1 (April 7, 2017)

• v2.1.0 (March 22, 2017)

• v2.0.1 (Jan 4, 2017)

• v2.0.0 (Jan 1, 2017)

• v2.0.0-rc1 (Dec 23, 2016)

• 1.8.1 (July 12, 2016)

• 1.8.0 (June 14, 2016)

• 1.7 (April 30, 2016)

• 1.6 (April 30, 2016)

• 1.5 (April 21, 2016)

• 1.4 (April 7, 2016)

• 1.3 (March 8, 2016)

• 1.2 (February 7, 2016)

• 1.1 (December 7, 2015)

• 1.0 (October 15, 2015)