rasterio

Version 1.5.1 fixes a number of bugs and unblocks the release of affine 3.0.0.

Thanks for being patient, folks! It's a weird time in the open source software world.

Bug fixes

• DatasetBase.__dealloc__ has been removed and replaced by a __del__ method modeled after that of io.IOBase. This eliminates cryptic partial error messages from being printed as rio-calc finishes and finalizes (gh-3612).
• The "bbox" attribute of GeoJSON data is no longer used by features.bounds() when optional parameters (transform and/or north_up=False) are provided. An unreported bug where transformation matrices were not applied to feature and geometry collections has also been fixed (gh-3609).
• The size guard in sieve() was defective for 3D sources and has been fixed (gh-3606). As a side benefit, the dimensionality of output has been made consistent with the read() method of datasets: 3D output is no longer automatically squeezed to 2D. The previous behavior was a bug.
• A test of subdataset support is skipped for GDAL versions >= 3.13.0 (gh-3534). The most recent versions of GDAL have a netCDF filename parsing defect.
• Acknowledge new runtime warnings about invalid type casting using numpy (gh-3599).
• Acknowledge the Python deprecation warnings from using "fork" start mode in testing warp error propagation (gh-3600).
• Eliminate numpy deprecation warnings by reshaping views instead of setting their shape attributes (gh-3592).
• Require pyparsing version >= 3.0 to eliminate a deprecation warning for use of parseString (gh-3551).
• Remove a dependency on unmainted cligj by bringing some CLI options back into Rasterio (gh-3550).
• Avoid a ValueError in reproject() when using a "==" comparison between array masks and np.ma.nomasked (gh-3531).

Documentation

• Note that PROJ transformation grids and the PROJ_NETWORK environment variable are required to apply vertical (datum) shifts when reprojecting or transforming (gh-2929).

Dependencies

• Rasterio 1.5.1 is compatible with affine versions 3.0rc1 and newer.

Packaging:

• Wheels include GDAL 3.12.4, netCDF 4.10.1, cURL 8.20.0, and PROJ 9.8.1. Python 3.15 is supported for the first time.

Dependencies:

• Minimum supported versions: Python 3.12+, GDAL 3.8+, & numpy 2+ (#3465, #3467, #3468)
• Vendor click-plugins (#3367)

Enhancements:

• Add float16 dtype (#3469)
• rasterio.cache: Add invalidate() and invalidate_all() for invalidation of responses in Rasterio's HTTP cache (#3276).
• rasterio.crs: The CRS class has a new, lazily computed, geodetic_crs property (#3218)
• rasterio.enum: Add Interleaving.tile (#3479)
• rasterio.features.shapes: float64 fully supported GDAL 3.12.1 (#3477)
• rasterio.features.shapes: Add uint32,uint64,int64 dtypes & warn for possible truncation (#3456)
• rasterio.plot.show: Add indexes & percent_range parameters to handle rgb image missing color interpretation & enable histogram stretching (#3171)
• rasterio.warp.reproject: Modify tolerance to be an argument in (#3325)
• Move project metadata to pyproject.toml (PEP 621) (#3430)
• Use Lapack solve to more accurately compute affine reverse transforms (#3315)
• rasterio.open: Add thread_safe parameter (#3496)
• rasterio.session: Add support for additional Azure credentials (#3482)

Bug fixes:

• Ensure dataset can be closed multiple times (#3480)
• Remove duplicate dataset cleanup (#3473, #3366)
• Use rasterio & numpy dtypes internally instead of strings (#3472)
• Use context manager for MemoryDataset (#3461)
• rasterio.warp: Don't fill masked output when reprojecting (#3471)
• rasterio.warp: Filter GDALCreateGenImgProjTransformer2 options (#3460)
• rasterio.show_versions: Use importlib.metadata.version (#3488)
• Static GDAL runtime version check (#3487)
• Use GDAL open flag constants (#3494)
• Documentation (#3459, #3458, #3455, #3346)
• Tests (#3429, #3502, #3501, #3498)
• Code linting (#3457)

Deprecations:

• rasterio.warp.transform_geom: Deprecate antimeridian_cutting & antimeridian_offset (#3474)

Packaging notes:

• Wheel: GDAL 3.12.1 (#3491, #3493, #3497)
• Search for GDAL installation path on Windows (#3498)

Full list of software versions

Contributors

• @a-gn
• @adamjstewart
• @groutr
• @jessjaco
• @mwtoews
• @normanb
• @omarkhan
• @rhugonnet
• @sebastic
• @sgillies
• @snowman2
• @w8sl
• @xinluo2018

If we missed anyone, please reach out!

Full Changelog: 1.4.4...1.5.0

Second release candidate for version 1.5

High level overview:

• Requires Python >= 3.12, GDAL >= 3.8, and numpy >= 2.
• Improved compatibility with GDAL 3.11 & 3.12
• Supports more dtypes
• Invalidate cache methods
• Adds CRS.geodetic_crs
• More accurate reverse transforms
• Plot RGB images missing color interpretation
• Add thread safe read-only support
• Search for GDAL installation path on Windows
• Bug fixes 🐛

Changes since previous pre-release

• Drop click-plugins dependency from pyproject.toml & update doc link #3504
• CLN: Use _GDAL_AT_LEAST_3_11 from rasterio.env #3503

Detailed summary
Changes since previous pre-release: 1.5rc0...1.5rc1
Full Changelog: 1.4.4...1.5rc1

First release candidate for version 1.5

High level overview:

• Requires Python >= 3.12, GDAL >= 3.8, and numpy >= 2.
• Improved compatibility with GDAL 3.11 & 3.12
• Supports more dtypes
• Invalidate cache methods
• Adds CRS.geodetic_crs
• More accurate reverse transforms
• Plot RGB images missing color interpretation
• Add thread safe read-only support
• Search for GDAL installation path on Windows
• Bug fixes 🐛

Changes since previous pre-release

• TST: skip test_memfile_thread_safe_option on Windows (#3501)
• Deploy only when all tests pass. Use jpeg-turbo (#3497)
• TST: Move platform specific skips to test code & re-enable tests (#3502)
• feat: add support for other Azure credentials (#3482)
• Enable tests on Windows runners (#3498)
• Search for GDAL installation path on Windows (#3498)

Detailed summary
Changes since previous pre-release: 1.5a1...1.5rc0
Full Changelog: 1.4.4...1.5rc0

Second pre-release for version 1.5

High level overview:

• Requires Python >= 3.12, GDAL >= 3.8, and numpy >= 2.
• Improved compatibility with GDAL 3.11 & 3.12
• Supports more dtypes
• Invalidate cache methods
• Adds CRS.geodetic_crs
• More accurate reverse transforms
• Plot RGB images missing color interpretation
• Add thread safe read-only support
• Bug fixes 🐛

Changes since previous pre-release

• ENH:open: Add thread_safe parameter (#3496)
• PERF: static GDAL runtime version check (#3487)
• BUG:show_versions: Use importlib.metadata.version (#3488)
• ENH: Use GDAL open flag constants (#3494)
• CLN: Simplify gdal.h imports (#3495)
• CI: GDAL 3.12 (#3491)
• CI: Refactor download of source code for rasterio libs (#3493)

Detailed summary
Changes since previous pre-release: 1.5a0...1.5a1
Full Changelog: 1.4.4...1.5a1

First pre-release for version 1.5

High level overview:

• Requires Python >= 3.12, GDAL >= 3.8, and numpy >= 2.
• Improved compatibility with GDAL 3.11 & 3.12
• Supports more dtypes
• Invalidate cache methods
• Adds CRS.geodetic_crs
• More accurate reverse transforms
• Plot RGB images missing color interpretation
• Bug fixes 🐛

Detailed summary
Full Changelog: 1.4.4...1.5a0

Dependencies:

• Minimum supported versions: Python 3.10+ & GDAL 3.6+ (#3440)

Enhancements:

• Support for affine 3.0 (#3299)
• Enable free threading python & support Python 3.14 (#3425)
• rasterio.warp.reproject: Add tolerance argument (#3325)

Bug fixes:

• Parsing of snuggs expressions containing "is" has been fixed (#3288).
• rasterio.features.geometry_mask: Force uint8 dtype for geometry mask (#3272)
• rasterio.fill.fillnodata: pass filloptions to _fillnodata (#3314)
• rasterio.io.BaseDataset.compression: Fix compression for YCbCr JPEG (#3426)
• rasterio.io.BufferedDatasetWriterBase: Prevent instances of BufferedDatasetWriter from finalizing twice (#3309).
• rasterio.warp.reproject: Set INIT_DEST to 0 instead of NO_DATA if it's unset (#3389)
• rasterio.warp.reproject: Support masked arrays with numpy.ma.nomask (#3306)
• CLI:rio.convert: Make sure blocksizes are integers before using them (#3390)
• CLI:rio.info: Fix use 'stats' for RasterioDeprecationWarning (#3380)
• CLI:rio.rasterize: Use context manager to ensure dataset closed (#3443)
• CLI: Remove default=False for flag_value of str type (#3392)
• CLI: Fix geojson_type click option implementation (#3391)
• CLI: Remove importlib_metatada import (#3445)
• Documentation (#3348, #3407, #3409, #3350, #3352, #3368, #3351, #3384, #3318, #3344, #3337, #3343, #3342, #3340, #3347, #3349)
• Tests (#3400, #3330, #3404, #3293, #3360, #3444, #3462, #3463)

Packaging notes:

• Wheel: GDAL 3.10.3 & PROJ 9.7.1 (#3381, #3439)

Full list of software versions

Contributors

• @adamjstewart
• @gcaria
• @groutr
• @jtsilverio
• @nathanjmcdougall
• @omarkhan
• @pjonsson
• @QuLogic
• @schwehr
• @scottstanie
• @sgillies
• @simonreise
• @snowman2
• @tveness
• @w8sl

If we missed anyone, please reach out!

Full Changelog: 1.4.3...1.4.4

💭: Released on 12/12 & version 1.4.4 (12*12=144)

This is the second release candidate for 1.4.4.

• Python 3.14 wheels + free threading
• Improved compatibility with GDAL 3.11 & 3.12 (Warning: not all issues are resolved).
• Requires Python >= 3.10 and GDAL >= 3.6.

Unless showstopper bugs are found in this release candidate or something else comes up, expect a final 1.4.4 release on Friday.

Changes since previous release candidate

• CI: Set GDAL_VERSION only in build-wheels & deploy on tag release (#3449)
• TST: Use context manager for WarpedVRT
• TST:test_warped_vrt_msk_add_alpha: Use dsrec & caplog to check mask

Changelog since previous release candidate: 1.4.4rc0...1.4.4rc1
Full Changelog: 1.4.3...1.4.4rc1

This is the first release candidate for 1.4.4.

• Python 3.14 wheels + free threading
• Improved compatibility with GDAL 3.11 & 3.12 (Warning: not all issues are resolved).
• Requires Python >= 3.10 and GDAL >= 3.6.

Unless showstopper bugs are found in this release candidate or something else comes up, expect a final 1.4.4 release in one week.

Full Changelog: 1.4.3...1.4.4rc0

Version 1.4.3 fixes two major regressions and several other minor bugs.

Bug fixes

• Erroneous masking of 0-valued raster data by boundless, masked reads has been fixed (#3268).
• If passed a dataset object, rasterio.open() now raises TypeError instead of proceeding and crashing (#3266).
• All options of GDALFillNodata() are now supported by rasterio.fill.fill nodata() (#3265).
• The flag for GDAL driver registration has been changed to an _env module attribute. Drivers should only be registered once per process at most (#3260). A side effect of this is that the GDAL_SKIP configuration option, which affects format driver registration, only has an effect the first time a dataset is opened.
• Allow a dataset's compression metadata to surface in profile and compression properties even if the value isn't present in the Compression enum (#3259).
• A bug that causes CRS.from_wkt().is_epsg_code() to erroneously return False when an EPSG code is embedded in WKT has been fixed (#3258).
• IAU 2015 has been added to the list of known CRS authorities (#3243).
• A major performance regression in Rasterio's merge tool has been corrected (#3234).

Other changes

• CRS._matches() has been rewritten to better support CRS.to_authority() and CRS.to_epsg() (#3255).

Version 1.4.2 fixes two regressions and further improves compatibility with GDAL 3.10.

Important note about GDAL 3.10.0

GDAL version 3.10.0 will be released soon. No version of Rasterio before 1.4.2 will fully function with GDAL 3.10. To use GDAL 3.10, you must upgrade Rasterio to 1.4.2.

Bug fixes

• The reproject() function now always returns a 2-D array, masked or non-masked, when requested (#3223).
• The various rowcol() methods once again return integers by default as they did in 1.3.11 (#3219).
• Internal usage of CRS.to_epsg(), which is slow, has been reduced, and CRS.__eq__() has been made much faster (#3216).
• The warper's use of a MEM:: dataset has been made fully compatible with changes coming in GDAL 3.10 (#3212).

Packaging notes

All wheels on PyPI include GDAL 3.9.3.

The macOS ARM64 wheels on PyPI are available only for macOS version 14 (Sonoma) or newer because of changes on the platform we use to build those wheels.

Version 1.4.1 fixes two regressions, improves compatibility with GDAL 3.10, and specifies a testing dependency that was previously undeclared.

Bug fixes

• The xy() transform method once again accepts grid coordinates as input (#3198).
• A dataset's index() method again returns a tuple of ints, not floats (#3195).

Other changes

• GDAL 3.10 will disable opening "MEM::" datasets by default. Rasterio's internal usage of these datasets is wrapped in special configuration.
• New color interpretation constants of GDAL 3.10 have been added to the ColorInterp enum (#3194).

This is the final 1.4.0 release. The package version, credits, and citation file have been updated. There have been no other changes since 1.4.0rc2. Rasterio is the work of 157 contributors, including 33 new contributors since 1.3.0.

Rasterio 1.4 will continue to support classic GIS programming work with a band-based data model.

The changes since 1.3.11 are fully described in the changelog, split across pre-releases. Here is a high-level summary.

Deprecations

• The statistics() method of a dataset is faulty and will be removed in a future version (#3134).
• The is_tiled property of a dataset will be removed in a future version and a pending deprecation warning will be raised if it is used (#3015).
• The is_valid property of the CRS class is not useful and will be removed in a future version (#2919).
• The FilePath class has been supplanted by rasterio.open's new opener keyword argument and its associated GDAL virtual filesystem plugin. It will be removed in version 2.0 (#2919).

New features

• New dataset stats(), clear_stats(), and update_stats() methods have been added to replace the deprecated statistics() method (#3134).
• The merge tool and merge CLI command can create very large output datasets without using more memory than the user chooses (#3022).
• Errors that GDAL handles internally within GDALDatasetRasterIO() and GDALRasterIO() and WarpAndChunk() are chained together to be visible and accessable from Python (#2526).
• The new "rio create" command allows creation of new, empty datasets (#3023).
• Datasets stored in proprietary systems or addressable only through protocols not directly supported by GDAL can be accessed using the new opener keyword argument of rasterio.open() (#2898, #2907).

Other changes:

• rasterize() better matches the behavior of Numpy array constructors. It no longer reduces the bit width of output, returning either float64 or int64 arrays unless a data type is explicitly selected, and the fill parameter no longer has an effect on the default data type (#3003).
• Rasterio now vendors and modifies the snuggs module (#2956).
• Given an empty shapes argument, rasterize() now returns an empty array (#2993).
• AffineTransformer's bulk transformations have been sped up by replacing a loop with a Numpy ufunc (#2936).

This is the second release candidate for version 1.4. The only change is the removal of lingering conditional checks at compile and run time for GDAL versions < 3.5, across all project modules. For example, in rasterio.dtypes we no longer check for GDAL support of 64-bit integers and work around their absence, we presume that support for 64-bit integers exist.

If you use Rasterio 1.4.0 with GDAL versions < 3.5, you may experience unexpected Python exceptions, and, rarely, undefined behavior. Wheels from PyPI and conda-forge distributions, for example, meet this requirement. Please test your deployments and upgrade Rasterio and GDAL together if you are building rasterio from source.

This is the first release candidate for 1.4.0. There are no API changes or bug fixes since 1.4b2.

1.4.0 will require Python >= 3.9 and GDAL >= 3.5.

Unless showstopper bugs are found in this release candidate, expect a final 1.4.0 release in one week.

Deprecations

• rasterio.parse_path() was deprecated in version 1.3.0 and has been removed (#2423). The project has raised a deprecation warning on usage of this function for more than two years and has contacted dependent projects to change their usage.

Bug fixes

• When reprojecting a masked array, we now use the mask (reduced) as an alpha band. There is now also an option to create an alpha band in the output, and turn that into a mask when returning a mask array (#3156).
• Find installed GDAL data directory by searching for gdalvrt.xsd (#3157).
• Allow rasterio.open() to receive instances of MemoryFile (#3145).
• Leaks of CSL string lists in get/set_proj_data_search_path() have been fixed (#3140).
• Color interpretation is correctly set to "palette" after a colormap is written (#3133).

Other changes

• _OverviewResampling enum renamed to OverviewResampling (#3151).

Packaging

Wheels for Python 3.13 are available.

• PyPI wheels include GDAL 3.9.2 (3.9.1 for Windows) and PROJ 9.4.1.

This is the first 1.4 beta release containing all the API additions for 1.4.0. There are known bugs which may still be fixed before the first release candidate and some API additions may be removed if necessary.

Deprecations

• The statistics() method of a dataset is faulty and will be removed in version 2.0 (#3134).

New features

• New dataset stats(), clear_stats(), and update_stats() methods have been added to replace the deprecated statistics() method (#3134).
• Rasterize() can now capture output in a new or previously opened dataset and can optionally return masked arrays (#3131).
• An option to get a masked array from merge() and stack() has been added (#3130).
• The new stack tool and the existing CLI command now have the same bounds and resolution behavior of merge() and rio merge (#3130).
• The merge tool and CLI command can now produce output with a resolution equal to the highest source resolution. Defaults remain the same (#3130.

Bug fixes

• The Pyopener registry and VSI plugin have been rewritten to avoid filename conflicts and to be compatible with multithreading. Now, a new plugin handler is registered for each instance of using an opener (#3113). Before GDAL 3.9.0 plugin handlers cannot not be removed and so it may be observed that the size of the Pyopener registry grows during the execution of a program.
• A CSLConstList ctypedef has been added and is used where appropriate (#3113).
• Missing parentheses in the denominators of the max_pixels calculation in calc() and merge() have been added (#3073, #3076). This constrains memory use as originally intended.

Packaging

Wheels for Python 3.13 are not yet available.

• PyPI wheels include GDAL 3.9.1 and curl 8.8.0.

Other changes

• Enable support for extra dtypes in features.shapes(): int8, float64 (#3125).

This version is compatible with recent versions of Numpy 1.x and Numpy 2.0.0rc1.

Packaging

• Wheels will be built using Numpy 2.0.0rc1 or a newer version and will be compatible with the oldest supported Numpy 1.x.

Bug fixes

• Rasterio's python opener VSI plugin prefix has been changed to "vsiriopener" to not conflict with Fiona.
• Complex dtypes and nodata values can be used in merge() without errors or warnings (#3046).
• The use of approximate transformers is disabled in the geolocation array warping case, as they already are for RPCs (#3056).
• All use of pkg_resouces has been eliminated (#3061).
• Non-strings may once again be used as values of the dtype keyword argument of rasterize(), fixing a bug introduced in 1.4a1 (#3045).

Other changes

• Performance of Transformers and rowcol() have been improved by relying more on NumPy (#3103).

Python support

Rasterio 1.4 requires Python version 3.9 or newer.

New features

Python openers can now support discovery of auxiliary "sidecar" files like .aux.xml, .msk, and .tfw files for GeoTIFFs (#3032). Additionally, filesystem objects, such as those from fsspec and tiledb, can be used as openers. This will become the recommended usage, supplanting the use of single file openers.

Bug fixes

• The rio CLI output file options no longer resolve to absolute paths.
• gzip, tar, and zip archive URIs containing drive letters were not always parsed properly on Windows, but are now.

The first 1.4 pre-release is on the package index this morning. There are a number of changes to be aware of. Not all tests pass on Windows yet due to some not yet understood behavior around the default data type of Numpy arrays on the GitHub runners for that platform.

Python support

Rasterio 1.4 requires Python version 3.9 or newer.

Deprecations

• The is_tiled property of a dataset will be removed in a future version and a pending deprecation warning will be raised if it is used (#3015). This warning may be changed to a deprecation warning at version 1.5.0. Please consider copying the body of the property to your own project. It's just one line.
• The is_valid property of the CRS class is not useful and will be removed in version 2.0 (#2919).
• The FilePath class has been supplanted by rasterio.open's new opener keyword argument and its associated GDAL virtual filesystem plugin. It will be removed in version 2.0 (#2919).

New Features

• The Window class has a new round() method (#3022). It has the same parameter as Python's built-in round() and applies it to the window's offsets and lengths. It is used internally to avoid sub-pixel errors when reading from and writing to datasets.
• The merge tool and merge CLI command can create very large output datasets without using more memory than the user chooses (#3022). Merge output is processed in chunks that default to 64 MB.
• Errors that GDAL handles internally within GDALDatasetRasterIO() and GDALRasterIO() and WarpAndChunk() are chained together to be visible and accessable from Python (#2526).
• The new "rio create" command allows creation of new, empty datasets (#3023).
• An optional range keyword argument (like that of numpy.histogram()) has been added to show_hist() (#2873, #3001).
• Datasets stored in proprietary systems or addressable only through protocols not directly supported by GDAL can be accessed using the new opener keyword argument of rasterio.open() (#2898, #2907). This new feature is intended to completely replace the FilePath class introduced in 1.3.0.
• Deallocate list of warp extras in _reproject(), fixing a potential leak (#494).
• Adjust several tests to small differences in output between GDAL 3.7 and 3.8 (#2959).
• The output file size limits of rio-warp were made redundant by changes to the GTiff driver in GDAL 2.1 and have been removed (#2889). A --dry-run option has been added to the command. If used, the profile of the output dataset will be printed and no warping will occur.

Bug fixes

• Avoid squeezing narrow 2-D arrays to 1-D (#3008).
• Operations on closed MemoryFile and ZipMemoryFile objects now raise ValueError as with other Python file objects (#2870, #).
• Delay clamping of I/O windows until just before GDAL methods calls to improve accuracy of sub-pixel reads (#2864).

Other changes

• The logic of is_tiled has been simplified to match GDAL's own internal logic and do nothing more. It's now only a test that a raster's block width is not equal to the raster width (#3015).
• rasterize() better matches the behavior of Numpy array constructors. It no longer reduces the bit width of output, returning either float64 or int64 arrays unless a data type is explicitly selected, and the fill parameter no longer has an effect on the default data type (#3003).
• Rasterio now vendors and modifies the snuggs module (#2956).
• Given an empty shapes argument, rasterize() now returns an empty array (#2993).
• AffineTransformer's bulk transformations have been sped up by replacing a loop with a Numpy ufunc (#2936).
• The crop and invert mutual exclusivity test in raster_geometry_mask() has been removed (#2702).

1.3.10 can no longer build because of a deleted Numpy release, so a new Rasterio release is in order. Some key bug fixes and packaging updates are coming along for the ride.

Packaging

This release allows any Numpy version >=2.0,<3 to be used to build the package.

Wheels on PyPI include recent versions of GDAL, PROJ, Curl, and libjpeg:

• GDAL 3.9.2 (3.9.1 on Windows)
• PROJ 9.4.1
• Curl 8.8.0
• libjpeg 9f

Bug fixes

• Leaks of CSL string lists in get/set_proj_data_search_path() have been fixed (backport of #3140).
• Color interpretation is correctly set to "palette" after a colormap is written (backport of #3133).

This version is compatible with recent versions of Numpy 1.x and Numpy 2.0.

Packaging:

• Wheels for Python versions >= 3.9 will be built using Numpy 2.0.0rc1 and will be compatible with the oldest supported Numpy 1.x.
• Wheels for Python version 3.8 will be built using the oldest supported version of NumPy and will not be compatible with Numpy 2.

Bug fixes:

• Rasterio's merge() function and CLI command cannot handle rotated rasters. This is now noted in documentation and an error will be raised if any input is non-rectilinear (#3066).
• Deprecated usage of pytest.warns(None) in tests has been eliminated (#3054).
• All use of pkg_resouces has been eliminated (#3054).
• Several tests have been adjusted to account for small differences in output between GDAL 3.7 and 3.8 (#2959).

Bug fixes

• Lean on numpy for minimum and maximum values of float data types (#2946).
• Replace rasterio.dtypes.in_dtype_range() with the version inside the edit-info command (#2946).
• Deallocate _filepath VSI filesystem plugin callback structs to prevent the memory leak reported in #2932.

Packaging

GDAL 3.6.4 is patched in the PyPI wheels to fix the potential GTiff multithreading deadlock reported in https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/issues/8470.

There are no code changes in this release. This is only to create new wheels that update curl to version 8.4.0 to address CVE-2023-38545 and CVE-38546.

There are no code changes in this release. This is only to create new wheels that update libwebp to version 1.3.2 to address CVE-2023-4863, and to publish wheels for Python 3.12.

Rasterio 1.3.8 fixes three bugs that can result in segmentation faults due to doubly freed memory and illegal memory access.

Bug fixes

• Rasterio's Python file VSI plugin is now compatible with GDAL VRTs such as the one used for boundless reads of datasets (#2856).
• Crashes when accessing the block shapes of a multidataset HDF5 file are now prevented (#2859).
• Adds a workaround for a GDAL multithreaded compression bug introduced in 3.6.0 (#2851).

Packaging

The Python wheels uploaded to PyPI now contain GDAL 3.6.4 and a copy of libtiff with support for LERC compression.

Bug fixes

• The sieve function now accepts as input opened datasets or multiband Band objects (#2838).
• Allow color values greater than 256 in colormaps (#2769).
• Fix the GDAL datatype mapping of Rasterio's uint64 and int64 data types. They were reversed in previous versions.
• Special characters, specifically "!", in an HTTP(S) URI's userinfo subcomponent no longer break Rasterio's path parser (#2776).
• Missing documentation for rio-blocks has been added to the CLI docs (#2835).
• Ensure that the nodata mask value for all non-alpha bands is True in sample_gen() (#2832).
• GDAL often searches for sidecar files that may or may not exist. For the Python file VSI plugin in _filepath.pyx, we have turned the logging level for these events down from ERROR to INFO (#2827).
• Full support for signed byte data in GDAL 3.7 has been added.
• The math for array_bounds has been fixed. It can now handle rotated arrays (#2787).

1.3.6 fixes a few minor bugs and performance issues.

• Tests that use matplotlib have been cleaned up and the one in test_warp.py which uses our vendored rangehttpserver has been marked as needing a network (#2764).
• When computing the bounds of a sequence of feature or geometry objects, we dodge empty "features" and "geometries" sequences that could be provided by, e.g., Fiona 1.9.0 (#2745).
• Decouple our Affine transformer from GDAL environments, fixing a performance regression introduced in 1.3.0 (#2754).
• StatisticsError is raised when dataset statistics cannot be computed (#2760).
• In DatasetBase.__enter__ an Env is added to the dataset's context stack if needed, making an explicit with Env(): optional when using an opened dataset as a context manager (#2760).

The PyPI wheels for 1.3.6 include a patch for https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/issues/7170 and rename PROJ symbols for more safety when used in combination with spatiallite, pyproj, etc.

There are no code changes in this release. This is only to create new wheels as the 1.3.5 macosx 10.15 wheels were inadvertently built on GitHub macos-12 runners and thus are defective.

Happy New Year!

Bug fixes

• Fixed plot.show(adjust=True) with respect to 16-bit integer data (#2733).
• Align offsets in rio-clip as well as height and width to match gdal_translate with -projwin (#2729).
• Allow rio-warp's --target-aligned-pixels option to be used with --dst-bounds or --src-bounds (#2729).
• Normalize paths before calling os.add_dll_directory on Windows (#2705).
• Affine version 2.4.0 exposes a bug in Rasterio's test_deprecated.py module, a test than erroneously fails. This test has been fixed and passes with all versions of the affine module.
• Better, recursive cleanup of MemoryFile /vsimem/ directories.
• Python ignores SIGPIPE by default. By never catching BrokenPipeError via except Exception when, for example, piping the output of rio-shapes to the Unix head program, we avoid getting an unhandled BrokenPipeError message when the interpreter shuts down (#2689).
• Fixes for unsigned access to S3 (#2688, backport of #2669).
• Ignore blockysize when converting untiled datasets to tiled datasets (#2687, backport of #2678).

This version is good for use with GDAL 3.6.0 as well as previous versions.

Bug fixes

• Use Python long for FilePath VSI plugin's file position (#2652).
• In the case that a GDAL function returns NULL but doesn't set an error, we now raise SystemError instead of silently failing (#2645).
• Azure storage access key can be taken from the environment if not explicitly provided to AzureSession (#2637).
• Skip empty parts of PATH on Windows when adding DLL directories (#2626).
• get_data_window is fixed for the case where the nodata value is nan (#2629).
• Ensure that GTiff, not COG, driver is used by default for TIFFs (#2634).

Other Changes

• Resampling tests have been updated to account for changes in GDAL 3.6.0 (#2653).
• Variables in TransformerBase.xy have been renamed for better clarity (#2609).
• Avoid use of a fixed port for the warp test server (#2619).

Packaging

The rasterio._loading module, which supports DLL loading on Windows, has been moved into __init__.py and is no longer used anywhere else (#2594).

Bug fixes

• GeoTIFF profiles combining tiled=False and a defined blockysize are now supported (#2599).
• URLs with // in the query string are now properly parsed (#2603).
• Rasterio's Python file VSI plugin now sets the position of the underlying stream to 0 on close, resolving #2550.

1.3.1 was packaged from a branch that lacked the advertised bug fixes. 1.3.2 fixes the problem. Packaging and bug fix notes from 1.3.1 are reiterated below.

The GitHub release and discussion for 1.3.1 have been deleted.

Packaging

Wheels for 1.3.2 are built using the version of rasterio-wheels dated 2022-08-17 and include PROJ 9.0.1 and GDAL 3.5.1.

Bug fixes

• get_data_window has been improved and extended to 1D (#2510).
• Broadcasting of coordinates in transform.xy has been restored (#2538).
• A bug in nodata filling (#2474) has been fixed by patching GDAL (wheels only).
• Support for PROJ_DATA has been added (#2530).
• Non-informative errors arising from opening a dataset in write mode are silenced (#2525).
• N-D arrays are once again accepted by sampling.sample_gen (#2547).
• MemoryDataset's memory layout has been fixed to properly support non-contiguous data (#2512).

Packaging:

Wheels for 1.3.1 are built using the version of rasterio-wheels dated 2022-08-17 and include PROJ 9.0.1 and GDAL 3.5.1.

Bug fixes:

• get_data_window has been improved and extended to 1D (#2510).
• Broadcasting of coordinates in transform.xy has been restored (#2538).
• A bug in nodata filling (#2474) has been fixed by patching GDAL (wheels only).
• Support for PROJ_DATA has been added (#2530).
• Non-informative errors arising from opening a dataset in write mode are silenced (#2525).
• N-D arrays are once again accepted by sampling.sample_gen (#2547).
• MemoryDataset's memory layout has been fixed to properly support non-contiguous data (#2512).

This release fixes two packaging issues. The project code itself has no changes other than an updated version string and a new change log entry.

• Linux and macOS wheels for 1.3.0 were built without ZSTD support in the GeoTIFF driver (see https://github.com/rasterio/rasterio-wheels/issues/87 and https://github.com/rasterio/rasterio/issues/2542). This has been fixed.
• Windows wheels for 1.3.0 included GDAL 3.4.3. They now include GDAL 3.5.1, as do the Linux and macOS wheels.

Rasterio 1.3.0 has new features, deprecations, and many bug fixes. It supports Python versions 3.8+ and GDAL versions 3.1+. Please see https://github.com/rasterio/rasterio/blob/master/CHANGES.txt for a fine grain description of changes since 1.2.10. Major changes and deprecations are listed below.

Packaging

• Building from source now requires Cython (#2016).
• PyPI wheels include GDAL 3.5.0 and PROJ 9.0.0.

Deprecations:

• The rasterio.path module has been moved to rasterio._path and all its member made private (#2423). A new version of rasterio.path temporarily provides aliases to maintain compatibility.

New features:

• A dataset's write method now accepts Numpy masked arrays and has a "masked" keyword argument. In this case, if masked is False, the masked array's filled method is called with the dataset's nodata value or else the masked array's fill value. If the masked argument is True, the dataset's write_mask method is called.
• Datasets have a new statistics method that computes the minimum, maximum, mean, and standard deviation of a raster band's data, matching the output of gdalinfo (#2441).
• The rio-warp CLI command now takes --wo (--warper-option) and --to (--transformer-option) options, allowing the use of PROJ coordinate transformation pipelines like "--to coordinate_operation=proj=pipeline" (#2438).
• Python file objects and file-like objects from, for example, fsspec are adapted for opening to get a dataset without copying file data to a MemoryFile (#2141).
• Added support for PROJ JSON based interchange for CRS (#2212).
• More efficient window intersection and union (#2164).
• New Affine, GCP, and RFC transformer classes (#2225).

1.3b3 fixes a significant bottleneck for non-EPSG CRS and adds 64-bit Windows wheels for Python 3.8-3.10.

1.3b2 is Rasterio's second pre-release containing a nearly complete view of new features for 1.3.0. We're not accepting new features for 1.3.0 and are only working on major runtime and installation bugs. If you would be willing to try out this pre-release and provide feedback on GitHub, or in responses to this email, the 1.3.0 release will be better and will arrive sooner.

There's one significant bug fix since 1.3b1: error contexts no longer leak from use of GDAL's coordinate transformer.

Our set of binary wheels is small right now, but we'll keep working on that, and will send updates when we've added support for more platforms.

1.3b1 is Rasterio's first pre-release containing a nearly complete view of new features for 1.3.0. We're not accepting new features for 1.3.0 and are only working on major runtime and installation bugs. If you would be willing to try out this pre-release and provide feedback on GitHub, or in responses to this email, the 1.3.0 release will be better and will arrive sooner.

There's one new feature since 1.3a4: support for writing both band data and band mask when passing a Numpy MaskedArray to a dataset's write method. Perhaps more interesting is that the binary wheels on PyPI include GDAL 3.5.0rc4 and PROJ 9.0.0, the latest versions of each.

Our set of binary wheels is small right now, but we'll keep working on that, and will send updates when we've added support for more platforms.

Big thanks to everyone who contributed since 1.3a4, particularly Alan Snow, who cleaned up a lot of obsolete code that was supporting older versions of GDAL.

Deprecations:

• The precision keyword arguments of methods in rasterio.transform, rasterio.windows, and rasterio.merge are unused and will be removed in version 2.0. The --precision option of rio-merge is similarly deprecated (#2432).
• The rasterio.path module will be removed in version 1.4 and a deprecation warning is issued when the module is imported (#2423).

New features:

• Datasets have a new statistics method that computes the minimum, maximum, mean, and standard deviation of a raster band's data, matching the output of gdalinfo (#2441).
• The rio-warp CLI command now takes --wo (--warper-option) and --to (--transformer-option) options, allowing the use of PROJ coordinate transformation pipelines like "--to coordinate_operation=proj=pipeline" (#2438).

Changes:

• The Python file VSI plugin is now created and installed at the same time other GDAL drivers are registered (#2435).
• Various optimizations for sample_gen() (#2338).
• Update Cython property declarations to modern style (#2316).
• The rasterio.path module has been moved to rasterio._path and all its member made private (#2423). A new version of rasterio.path temporarily provides aliases to maintain compatibility.

Bug fixes:

• Rasterio's warper is fixed such that it can support reprojection to a specific dataset band (#2369).
• Erroneously overlapping slices (reported in #2378) are now prevented by ensuring that slice indexes with negative values are set to zero (#2434).
• Prevent erroneous sign flip in a south-up dataset's res property (#2370).
• Allow DatasetReader and DatasetWriter to take string filenames and URLs (#2426).
• Support for compound EPSG CRS has been added (#2425).
• Z coordinates are no longer ignored when transforming using RPCs (#2422).
• Integer overflow errors in CRS.from_epsg are caught and CRSError is raised (#2395).

New features:

• The CRS class has been added to rasterio.all.
• Python file objects and file-like objects from, for example, fsspec are adapted for opening to get a dataset without copying file data to a MemoryFile (#2141).

Bug fixes:

• Fix bug in usage of numpy 1.14 (#2377).
• rasterio.open returns a dataset accessor and never a contextlib._GeneratorContextManager for all kinds of input (#2360).
• Fix the "adjust" keyword argument of rasterio.plot.show (#2359).
• Preserve origin when scaling in creating a WarpedVRT (#2364).
• Exceptions are no longer raised for a category of errors emitted from warp-related GDAL functions (#2353).
• Enable unsafe casting for copyto in the merge tool (#2265).

Packaging:

Wheels for 1.3a3 are built using the version of rasterio-wheels dated 2022-02-04. Library versions include GDAL 3.4.1, PROJ 8.2.1, and GEOS 3.10.2.

The second 1.3 pre-release is on the package index this morning. There's one new feature: PROJJSON support (thank you, Alan Snow) and one change to the reprojection code that prevents unnecessary data copying when warping raster data stored in a numpy array (thank you, Ryan Grout). Your feedback on these would be greatly appreciated!

Note: building from source now requires Cython (#2016).

New features:

• More efficient window intersection and union (#2164).
• New Affine, GCP, and RFC transformer classes (#2225).
• Add support for enum and tuple type creation options (#2102)

Bug fixes:

• Standardize rounding of window lengths and offsets to match GDAL (#2311).
• Allow addition of subdatasets to GPKG rasters opened in "w" mode with the APPEND_SUBDATASET creation option (#2300).
• WarpedVRT: Remove deprecated dst_* parameters (#2197).
• Add GDAL DLL directory to DLL search path on Windows and Python >= 3.8. DLLs will be loaded from .libs (for wheels) or from directories in PATH environment variable.
• Add version to CRS.to_wkt() for WKT2 support (#2122).

This is the final release from the 1.2 branch.

• Compute geometry_window more accurately and tightly for rotated rasters, fixing a regression introduced in 1.2.1 (#2303).
• Copy mask to destination in rio-clip and rio-convert (#2232).
• Use a default 70% confidence threshold when matching CRS to definitions in authority files (#2293). The confidence threshold can be defined when calling to_epsg and to_authority, which partially addressed the issue reported in #2290.

• Correct for the sense of OCTTransform's return value (#2287).
• Fix a regression in the rasterio.transform module's xy and rowcol functions (#2283).

• CRS objects are now compared to the EPSG authority using OSRFindMatches for compatibility with GDAL 3.3.2 (#2279).
• Allow open's fp keyword argument to pass the credential decorator (#2267).
• Fix a copy-paste bug in features.geometry_window() affecting Y-axis padding (#2266).
• Note upcoming deprecation of the height and width parameters of rasterio.windows.from_bounds() and stop using these parameters in project code and tests.
• The transform.xy and transform.rowcol functions now return a pair of single-element lists if passed a pair of single-element lists. This was the original behavior, but was broken in version 1.2.1 (#2242).

• Replace the defective 1.2.5 sdist, which had breakpoint in merge.py. This did not affect wheels.

• Change rio-warp to unrotate imagery by default to match gdalwarp (#2125).
• Internal to write() cast int8 arrays to uint8 (#2180).
• Get correct nodata values for complex_int16 data (#2206).
• Prevent merge failures due to window and slicing mismatches (#2204 and #2202).

• Eliminate unneeded marker for CLI nodata options to be ignored. We will stick with None (#2191).
• Guard against use of gauss resampling when creating a WarpedVRT (#2190).
• Prevent segfaults when buffer and band indexes are mismatched in io_multi_band and io_multi_mask (#2189).
• Change comparisons of nodata to IgnoreOption to accommodate changes in click 8.0.
• Use Window constructor instead of from_slices in windows.union to allow a proper union to be formed from windows extending outside a dataset (#2186).
• Read GDAL CInt16 data as np.complex64 and allow saving complex data to CInt16 (#2185).
• Skip merge sources which do not overlap the destination.
• Allow unsafe casting in the merge tool, restoring behavior of version 1.2.0 (#2179).
• Remove a workaround for an old Python 3.4 bug from the BoundingBox implementation (#2172).
• Add setuptools as an explicit installation requirement.

• Change usage of super() to be Python 3 compatible only.
• Use numpy.isclose instead of equals when merging float data (fixes #2163).
• The restriction on resampling methods available to overviews has been made more clear with the addition of a not-yet-public _OverviewResampling enum (#2157).
• Fix a regression introduced in 1.2.2: from_bounds() can again return Windows of zero height or width.
• Search for GDAL data in installed packages is done before searching in built-in locations when entering an Env, as is already done when importing rasterio.env.

• Add a --nodata option to rio-clip to help support the relative complement use case (#2087).
• Remove boundless keyword argument from WarpedVRT method signatures (#2084).
• Implement the advertised intent of warp.reproject's src_crs parameter. It can override the source's crs (#2036).
• A regression in the merge tool's min and max methods has been fixed (#2145).
• windows.from_bounds raises WindowError when the given bounds and transform are inconsistent with each other (#2138).
• Support for GDAL's "sum" resampling algorithm has been added (#2137).
• Cython and numpy versions are pinned in pyproject.toml. Numpy versions correspond to scipy's oldest supported versions for Python versions 3.6-3.10.
• GDAL data path is configured in env.py with set_gdal_config (#2139).
• AWS sessions are not created for pre-signed URLs (#2133).

• Cast rio-calc's nodata option before filling rasters (#2110).
• The rio-clip command only works on rasters with rectilinear geo transforms. This is noted in the command's help and an error will be raised if the requirement is not met (#2115).
• Support for geotransforms with rotation in Window.from_bounds and feature.geometry_window has been added (#2112).
• Fix an off-by-one error in the merge tool (#2106, #2109).

Note well: Python versions before 3.6 are no longer supported by this project.

New features:

• Binary wheels on PyPI include PROJ 7.2.1 and GDAL 3.2.1.
• Support for Azure Blob Storage using an "az" URI scheme.
• Support for RPCs and coordinate transformations and raster warping with RPCs.
• dst_path and dst_kwds parameters for rasterio's merge tool allow results to be written directly to a dataset.
• In "w" mode the driver keyword argument of open() may be omitted.
• transform_geom() has been optimized for sequences of geometries.

Bug fixes since 1.2b4:

• Fix dataset constructor so that tiled=False does the right thing (#2085).
• Allow WarpedVRT to default to using a source dataset's GCPs for georeferencing (#2086).
• Ensure that error handling environment is closed only after its dataset object is closed, preventing confusing error messages (#2088).
• Ensure WarpedVRT dataset objects are closed properly when exiting contexts (#2093).

• The CRS definition saved in RGB.byte.tif has been updated so that it is identified as precisely EPSG:32618 by GDAL 3.2.1 (#2083).
• Remove non-breaking hyphens accidentally added to README, open the file with encoding="utf-8" when reading the description so that future UTF-8 chars don't break package setup.

• Search for PROJ data in the module before searching system locations (#2080).

• Emit a warning to the Python logger when a metadata item can't be decoded to a Python unicode object (#2078).
• Use language_level=3 Cython directive for all .pyx sources (#2077).
• Deprecated usage of numpy.ndarray.tostring() has been changed to use tobytes().

• Remove compat module and future namespace imports (#2067).
• A bug in construction of requester pays AWS sessions has been fixed (#2062).
• Support for the "rms" resampling method in a future version of GDAL has been added (#2056).