d3d12

Overview

Our first major version release!

For the first time ever, wgpu is being released with a major version (i.e., 22.* instead of 0.22.*)! Maintainership has decided to fully adhere to Semantic Versioning's recommendations for versioning production software. According to SemVer 2.0.0's Q&A about when to use 1.0.0 versions (and beyond):

How do I know when to release 1.0.0?

If your software is being used in production, it should probably already be 1.0.0. If you have a stable API on which users have come to depend, you should be 1.0.0. If you’re worrying a lot about backward compatibility, you should probably already be 1.0.0.

It is a well-known fact that wgpu has been used for applications and platforms already in production for years, at this point. We are often concerned with tracking breaking changes, and affecting these consumers' ability to ship. By releasing our first major version, we publicly acknowledge that this is the case. We encourage other projects in the Rust ecosystem to follow suit.

Note that while we start to use the major version number, wgpu is not "going stable", as many Rust projects do. We anticipate many breaking changes before we fully comply with the WebGPU spec., which we expect to take a small number of years.

Overview

A major (pun intended) theme of this release is incremental improvement. Among the typically large set of bug fixes, new features, and other adjustments to wgpu by the many contributors listed below, @wumpf and @teoxoy have merged a series of many simplifications to wgpu's internals and, in one case, to the render and compute pass recording APIs. Many of these change wgpu to use atomically reference-counted resource tracking (i.e., Arc<…>), rather than using IDs to manage the lifetimes of platform-specific graphics resources in a registry of separate reference counts. This has led us to diagnose and fix many long-standing bugs, and net some neat performance improvements on the order of 40% or more of some workloads.

While the above is exciting, we acknowledge already finding and fixing some (easy-to-fix) regressions from the above work. If you migrate to wgpu 22 and encounter such bugs, please engage us in the issue tracker right away!

Major Changes

Lifetime bounds on wgpu::RenderPass & wgpu::ComputePass

wgpu::RenderPass & wgpu::ComputePass recording methods (e.g. wgpu::RenderPass:set_render_pipeline) no longer impose a lifetime constraint to objects passed to a pass (like pipelines/buffers/bindgroups/query-sets etc.).

This means the following pattern works now as expected:

let mut pipelines: Vec<wgpu::RenderPipeline> = ...;
// ...
let mut cpass = encoder.begin_compute_pass(&wgpu::ComputePassDescriptor::default());
cpass.set_pipeline(&pipelines[123]);
// Change pipeline container - this requires mutable access to `pipelines` while one of the pipelines is in use.
pipelines.push(/* ... */);
// Continue pass recording.
cpass.set_bindgroup(...);

Previously, a set pipeline (or other resource) had to outlive pass recording which often affected wider systems, meaning that users needed to prove to the borrow checker that Vec<wgpu::RenderPipeline> (or similar constructs) aren't accessed mutably for the duration of pass recording.

Furthermore, you can now opt out of wgpu::RenderPass/wgpu::ComputePass's lifetime dependency on its parent wgpu::CommandEncoder using wgpu::RenderPass::forget_lifetime/wgpu::ComputePass::forget_lifetime:

fn independent_cpass<'enc>(encoder: &'enc mut wgpu::CommandEncoder) -> wgpu::ComputePass<'static> {
    let cpass: wgpu::ComputePass<'enc> = encoder.begin_compute_pass(&wgpu::ComputePassDescriptor::default());
    cpass.forget_lifetime()
}

⚠️ As long as a wgpu::RenderPass/wgpu::ComputePass is pending for a given wgpu::CommandEncoder, creation of a compute or render pass is an error and invalidates the wgpu::CommandEncoder. forget_lifetime can be very useful for library authors, but opens up an easy way for incorrect use, so use with care. This method doesn't add any additional overhead and has no side effects on pass recording.

By @wumpf in #5569, #5575, #5620, #5768 (together with @kpreid), #5671, #5794, #5884.

Querying shader compilation errors

Wgpu now supports querying shader compilation info.

This allows you to get more structured information about compilation errors, warnings and info:

...
let lighting_shader = ctx.device.create_shader_module(include_wgsl!("lighting.wgsl"));
let compilation_info = lighting_shader.get_compilation_info().await;
for message in compilation_info
    .messages
    .iter()
    .filter(|m| m.message_type == wgpu::CompilationMessageType::Error)
{
    let line = message.location.map(|l| l.line_number).unwrap_or(1);
    println!("Compile error at line {line}");
}

By @stefnotch in #5410

64 bit integer atomic support in shaders.

Add support for 64 bit integer atomic operations in shaders.

Add the following flags to wgpu_types::Features:

• SHADER_INT64_ATOMIC_ALL_OPS enables all atomic operations on atomic<i64> and atomic<u64> values.

• SHADER_INT64_ATOMIC_MIN_MAX is a subset of the above, enabling only AtomicFunction::Min and AtomicFunction::Max operations on atomic<i64> and atomic<u64> values in the Storage address space. These are the only 64-bit atomic operations available on Metal as of 3.1.

Add corresponding flags to naga::valid::Capabilities. These are supported by the WGSL front end, and all naga backends.

Platform support:

• On Direct3d 12, in D3D12_FEATURE_DATA_D3D12_OPTIONS9, if AtomicInt64OnTypedResourceSupported and AtomicInt64OnGroupSharedSupported are both available, then both wgpu features described above are available.

• On Metal, SHADER_INT64_ATOMIC_MIN_MAX is available on Apple9 hardware, and on hardware that advertises both Apple8 and Mac2 support. This also requires Metal Shading Language 2.4 or later. Metal does not yet support the more general SHADER_INT64_ATOMIC_ALL_OPS.

• On Vulkan, if the VK_KHR_shader_atomic_int64 extension is available with both the shader_buffer_int64_atomics and shader_shared_int64_atomics features, then both wgpu features described above are available.

By @atlv24 in #5383

A compatible surface is now required for request_adapter() on WebGL2 + enumerate_adapters() is now native only.

When targeting WebGL2, it has always been the case that a surface had to be created before calling request_adapter(). We now make this requirement explicit.

Validation was also added to prevent configuring the surface with a device that doesn't share the same underlying WebGL2 context since this has never worked.

Calling enumerate_adapters() when targeting WebGPU used to return an empty Vec and since we now require users to pass a compatible surface when targeting WebGL2, having enumerate_adapters() doesn't make sense.

By @teoxoy in #5901

New features

General

• Added as_hal for Buffer to access wgpu created buffers form wgpu-hal. By @JasondeWolff in #5724
• include_wgsl! is now callable in const contexts by @9SMTM6 in #5872
• Added memory allocation hints to DeviceDescriptor by @nical in #5875
  • MemoryHints::Performance, the default, favors performance over memory usage and will likely cause large amounts of VRAM to be allocated up-front. This hint is typically good for games.
  • MemoryHints::MemoryUsage favors memory usage over performance. This hint is typically useful for smaller applications or UI libraries.
  • MemoryHints::Manual allows the user to specify parameters for the underlying GPU memory allocator. These parameters are subject to change.
  • These hints may be ignored by some backends. Currently only the Vulkan and D3D12 backends take them into account.
• Add HTMLImageElement and ImageData as external source for copying images. By @Valaphee in #5668

naga

• Added -D, --defines option to naga CLI to define preprocessor macros by @theomonnom in #5859

• Added type upgrades to SPIR-V atomic support. Added related infrastructure. Tracking issue is here. By @schell in #5775.

• Implement WGSL's unpack4xI8,unpack4xU8,pack4xI8 and pack4xU8. By @VlaDexa in #5424

• Began work adding support for atomics to the SPIR-V frontend. Tracking issue is here. By @schell in #5702.

• In hlsl-out, allow passing information about the fragment entry point to omit vertex outputs that are not in the fragment inputs. By @Imberflur in #5531

• In spv-out, allow passing acceleration_structure as a function argument. By @kvark in #5961

  let writer: naga::back::hlsl::Writer = /* ... */;
  -writer.write(&module, &module_info);
  +writer.write(&module, &module_info, None);
  

• HLSL & MSL output can now be added conditionally on the target via the msl-out-if-target-apple and hlsl-out-if-target-windows features. This is used in wgpu-hal to no longer compile with MSL output when metal is enabled & MacOS isn't targeted and no longer compile with HLSL output when dx12 is enabled & Windows isn't targeted. By @wumpf in #5919

Vulkan

• Added a PipelineCache resource to allow using Vulkan pipeline caches. By @DJMcNab in #5319

WebGPU

• Added support for pipeline-overridable constants to the WebGPU backend by @DouglasDwyer in #5688

Changes

General

• Unconsumed vertex outputs are now always allowed. Removed StageError::InputNotConsumed, Features::SHADER_UNUSED_VERTEX_OUTPUT, and associated validation. By @Imberflur in #5531
• Avoid introducing spurious features for optional dependencies. By @bjorn3 in #5691
• wgpu::Error is now Sync, making it possible to be wrapped in anyhow::Error or eyre::Report. By @nolanderc in #5820
• Added benchmark suite. By @cwfitzgerald in #5694, compute passes by @wumpf in #5767
• Improve performance of .submit() by 39-64% (.submit() + .poll() by 22-32%). By @teoxoy in #5910
• The trace wgpu feature has been temporarily removed. By @teoxoy in #5975

Metal

• Removed the link Cargo feature.

  This was used to allow weakly linking frameworks. This can be achieved with putting something like the following in your .cargo/config.toml instead:

  [target.'cfg(target_vendor = "apple")']
  rustflags = ["-C", "link-args=-weak_framework Metal -weak_framework QuartzCore -weak_framework CoreGraphics"]
  

  By @madsmtm in #5752

Bug Fixes

General

• Ensure render pipelines have at least 1 target. By @ErichDonGubler in #5715
• wgpu::ComputePass now internally takes ownership of QuerySet for both wgpu::ComputePassTimestampWrites as well as timestamp writes and statistics query, fixing crashes when destroying QuerySet before ending the pass. By @wumpf in #5671
• Validate resources passed during compute pass recording for mismatching device. By @wumpf in #5779
• Fix staging buffers being destroyed too early. By @teoxoy in #5910
• Fix attachment byte cost validation panicking with native only formats. By @teoxoy in #5934
• [wgpu] Fix leaks from auto layout pipelines. By @teoxoy in #5971
• [wgpu-core] Fix length of copy in queue_write_texture (causing UB). By @teoxoy in #5973
• Add missing same device checks. By @teoxoy in #5980

GLES / OpenGL

• Fix ClearColorF, ClearColorU and ClearColorI commands being issued before SetDrawColorBuffers #5666
• Replace glClear with glClearBufferF because glDrawBuffers requires that the ith buffer must be COLOR_ATTACHMENTi or NONE #5666
• Return the unmodified version in driver_info. By @Valaphee in #5753

naga

• In spv-out don't decorate a BindingArray's type with Block if the type is a struct with a runtime array by @Vecvec in #5776
• Add packed as a keyword for GLSL by @kjarosh in #5855

Major Changes

Pipeline overridable constants

Wgpu supports now pipeline-overridable constants

This allows you to define constants in wgsl like this:

override some_factor: f32 = 42.1337; // Specifies a default of 42.1337 if it's not set.

And then set them at runtime like so on your pipeline consuming this shader:

// ...
fragment: Some(wgpu::FragmentState {
    compilation_options: wgpu::PipelineCompilationOptions {
        constants: &[("some_factor".to_owned(), 0.1234)].into(), // Sets `some_factor` to 0.1234.
        ..Default::default()
    },
    // ...
}),
// ...

By @teoxoy & @jimblandy in #5500

Changed feature requirements for timestamps

Due to a specification change write_timestamp is no longer supported on WebGPU. wgpu::CommandEncoder::write_timestamp requires now the new wgpu::Features::TIMESTAMP_QUERY_INSIDE_ENCODERS feature which is available on all native backends but not on WebGPU.

By @wumpf in #5188

Wgsl const evaluation for many more built-ins

Many numeric built-ins have had a constant evaluation implementation added for them, which allows them to be used in a const context:

abs, acos, acosh, asin, asinh, atan, atanh, cos, cosh, round, saturate, sin, sinh, sqrt, step, tan, tanh, ceil, countLeadingZeros, countOneBits, countTrailingZeros, degrees, exp, exp2, floor, fract, fma, inverseSqrt, log, log2, max, min, radians, reverseBits, sign, trunc

By @ErichDonGubler in #4879, #5098

New native-only wgsl features

Subgroup operations

The following subgroup operations are available in wgsl now:

subgroupBallot, subgroupAll, subgroupAny, subgroupAdd, subgroupMul, subgroupMin, subgroupMax, subgroupAnd, subgroupOr, subgroupXor, subgroupExclusiveAdd, subgroupExclusiveMul, subgroupInclusiveAdd, subgroupInclusiveMul, subgroupBroadcastFirst, subgroupBroadcast, subgroupShuffle, subgroupShuffleDown, subgroupShuffleUp, subgroupShuffleXor

Availability is governed by the following feature flags:

• wgpu::Features::SUBGROUP for all operations except subgroupBarrier in fragment & compute, supported on Vulkan, DX12 and Metal.
• wgpu::Features::SUBGROUP_VERTEX, for all operations except subgroupBarrier general operations in vertex shaders, supported on Vulkan
• wgpu::Features::SUBGROUP_BARRIER, for support of the subgroupBarrier operation, supported on Vulkan & Metal

Note that there currently some differences between wgpu's native-only implementation and the open WebGPU proposal.

By @exrook and @lichtso in #5301

Signed and unsigned 64 bit integer support in shaders.

wgpu::Features::SHADER_INT64 enables 64 bit integer signed and unsigned integer variables in wgsl (i64 and u64 respectively). Supported on Vulkan, DX12 (requires DXC) and Metal (with MSL 2.3+ support).

By @atlv24 and @cwfitzgerald in #5154

New features

General

• Implemented the Unorm10_10_10_2 VertexFormat by @McMackety in #5477
• wgpu-types's trace and replay features have been replaced by the serde feature. By @KirmesBude in #5149
• wgpu-core's serial-pass feature has been removed. Use serde instead. By @KirmesBude in #5149
• Added InstanceFlags::GPU_BASED_VALIDATION, which enables GPU-based validation for shaders. This is currently only supported on the DX12 and Vulkan backends; other platforms ignore this flag, for now. By @ErichDonGubler in #5146, #5046.
  • When set, this flag implies InstanceFlags::VALIDATION.
  • This has been added to the set of flags set by InstanceFlags::advanced_debugging. Since the overhead is potentially very large, the flag is not enabled by default in debug builds when using InstanceFlags::from_build_config.
  • As with other instance flags, this flag can be changed in calls to InstanceFlags::with_env with the new WGPU_GPU_BASED_VALIDATION environment variable.
• wgpu::Instance can now report which wgpu::Backends are available based on the build configuration. By @wumpf #5167

  -wgpu::Instance::any_backend_feature_enabled()
  +!wgpu::Instance::enabled_backend_features().is_empty()
  

• Breaking change: wgpu_core::pipeline::ProgrammableStageDescriptor is now optional. By @ErichDonGubler in #5305.
• Features::downlevel{_webgl2,}_features was made const by @MultisampledNight in #5343
• Breaking change: wgpu_core::pipeline::ShaderError has been moved to naga. By @stefnotch in #5410
• More as_hal methods and improvements by @JMS55 in #5452
  • Added wgpu::CommandEncoder::as_hal_mut
  • Added wgpu::TextureView::as_hal
  • wgpu::Texture::as_hal now returns a user-defined type to match the other as_hal functions

naga

• Allow user to select which MSL version to use via --metal-version with naga CLI. By @pcleavelin in #5392
• Support arrayLength for runtime-sized arrays inside binding arrays (for WGSL input and SPIR-V output). By @kvark in #5428
• Added --shader-stage and --input-kind options to naga-cli for specifying vertex/fragment/compute shaders, and frontend. by @ratmice in #5411
• Added a create_validator function to wgpu_core Device to create naga Validators. By @atlv24 #5606

WebGPU

• Implement the device_set_device_lost_callback method for ContextWebGpu. By @suti in #5438
• Add support for storage texture access modes ReadOnly and ReadWrite. By @JolifantoBambla in #5434

GLES / OpenGL

• Log an error when GLES texture format heuristics fail. By @PolyMeilex in #5266
• Cache the sample count to keep get_texture_format_features cheap. By @Dinnerbone in #5346
• Mark DEPTH32FLOAT_STENCIL8 as supported in GLES. By @Dinnerbone in #5370
• Desktop GL now also supports TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ETC2. By @Valaphee in #5568
• Don't create a program for shader-clearing if that workaround isn't required. By @Dinnerbone in #5348.
• OpenGL will now be preferred over OpenGL ES on EGL, making it consistent with WGL. By @valaphee in #5482
• Fill out driver and driver_info, with the OpenGL flavor and version, similar to Vulkan. By @valaphee in #5482

Metal

• Metal 3.0 and 3.1 detection. By @atlv24 in #5497

DX12

• Shader Model 6.1-6.7 detection. By @atlv24 in #5498

Other performance improvements

• Simplify and speed up the allocation of internal IDs. By @nical in #5229
• Use memory pooling for UsageScopes to avoid frequent large allocations. by @robtfm in #5414
• Eager release of GPU resources comes from device.trackers. By @bradwerth in #5075
• Support disabling zero-initialization of workgroup local memory in compute shaders. By @DJMcNab in #5508

Documentation

• Improved wgpu_hal documentation. By @jimblandy in #5516, #5524, #5562, #5563, #5566, #5617, #5618
• Add mention of primitive restart in the description of PrimitiveState::strip_index_format. By @cpsdqs in #5350
• Document and tweak precise behaviour of SourceLocation. By @stefnotch in #5386 and #5410
• Give short example of WGSL push_constant syntax. By @waywardmonkeys in #5393
• Fix incorrect documentation of Limits::max_compute_workgroup_storage_size default value. By @atlv24 in #5601

Bug Fixes

General

• Fix serde feature not compiling for wgpu-types. By @KirmesBude in #5149
• Fix the validation of vertex and index ranges. By @nical in #5144 and #5156
• Fix panic when creating a surface while no backend is available. By @wumpf #5166
• Correctly compute minimum buffer size for array-typed storage and uniform vars. By @jimblandy #5222
• Fix timeout when presenting a surface where no work has been done. By @waywardmonkeys in #5200
• Fix registry leaks with de-duplicated resources. By @nical in #5244
• Fix linking when targeting android. By @ashdnazg in #5326.
• Failing to set the device lost closure will call the closure before returning. By @bradwerth in #5358.
• Fix deadlocks caused by recursive read-write lock acquisitions #5426.
• Remove exposed C symbols (extern "C" + [no_mangle]) from RenderPass & ComputePass recording. By @wumpf in #5409.
• Fix surfaces being only compatible with first backend enabled on an instance, causing failures when manually specifying an adapter. By @Wumpf in #5535.

naga

• In spv-in, remove unnecessary "gl_PerVertex" name check so unused builtins will always be skipped. Prevents validation errors caused by capability requirements of these builtins #4915. By @Imberflur in #5227.
• In spv-out, check for acceleration and ray-query types when enabling ray-query extension to prevent validation error. By @Vecvec in #5463
• Add a limit for curly brace nesting in WGSL parsing, plus a note about stack size requirements. By @ErichDonGubler in #5447.
• In hlsl-out, fix accesses on zero value expressions by generating helper functions for Expression::ZeroValue. By @Imberflur in #5587.
• Fix behavior of extractBits and insertBits when offset + count overflows the bit width. By @cwfitzgerald in #5305
• Fix behavior of integer clamp when min argument > max argument. By @cwfitzgerald in #5300.
• Fix TypeInner::scalar_width to be consistent with the rest of the codebase and return values in bytes not bits. By @atlv24 in #5532.

GLES / OpenGL

• GLSL 410 does not support layout(binding = ...), enable only for GLSL 420. By @bes in #5357
• Fixes for being able to use an OpenGL 4.1 core context provided by macOS with wgpu. By @bes in #5331.
• Fix crash when holding multiple devices on wayland/surfaceless. By @ashdnazg in #5351.
• Fix first_instance getting ignored in draw indexed when ARB_shader_draw_parameters feature is present and base_vertex is 0. By @valaphee in #5482

Vulkan

• Set object labels when the DEBUG flag is set, even if the VALIDATION flag is disabled. By @DJMcNab in #5345.
• Add safety check to wgpu_hal::vulkan::CommandEncoder to make sure discard_encoding is not called in the closed state. By @villuna in #5557
• Fix SPIR-V type capability requests to not depend on LocalType caching. By @atlv24 in #5590
• Upgrade ash to 0.38. By @MarijnS95 in #5504.

Tests

• Fix intermittent crashes on Linux in the multithreaded_compute test. By @jimblandy in #5129.
• Refactor tests to read feature flags by name instead of a hardcoded hexadecimal u64. By @atlv24 in #5155.
• Add test that verifies that we can drop the queue before using the device to create a command encoder. By @Davidster in #5211

This release includes:

• wgpu
• wgpu-core
• wgpu-hal
• wgpu-types
• wgpu-info
• naga (skipped from 0.14 to 0.19)
• naga-cli (skipped from 0.14 to 0.19)
• d3d12 (skipped from 0.7 to 0.19)

Improved Multithreading through internal use of Reference Counting

Large refactoring of wgpu’s internals aiming at reducing lock contention, and providing better performance when using wgpu on multiple threads.

Check the blog post!

By @gents83 in #3626 and thanks also to @jimblandy, @nical, @Wumpf, @Elabajaba & @cwfitzgerald

All Public Dependencies are Re-Exported

All of wgpu's public dependencies are now re-exported at the top level so that users don't need to take their own dependencies. This includes:

• wgpu-core
• wgpu-hal
• naga
• raw_window_handle
• web_sys

Feature Flag Changes

WebGPU & WebGL in the same Binary

Enabling webgl no longer removes the webgpu backend.

Instead, there's a new (default enabled) webgpu feature that allows to explicitly opt-out of webgpu if so desired. If both webgl & webgpu are enabled, wgpu::Instance decides upon creation whether to target wgpu-core/WebGL or WebGPU. This means that adapter selection is not handled as with regular adapters, but still allows to decide at runtime whether webgpu or the webgl backend should be used using a single wasm binary. By @wumpf in #5044

naga-ir Dedicated Feature

The naga-ir feature has been added to allow you to add naga module shaders without guessing about what other features needed to be enabled to get access to it. By @cwfitzgerald in #5063.

expose-ids Feature available unconditionally

This feature allowed you to call global_id on any wgpu opaque handle to get a unique hashable identity for the given resource. This is now available without the feature flag. By @cwfitzgerald in #4841.

dx12 and metal Backend Crate Features

wgpu now exposes backend feature for the Direct3D 12 (dx12) and Metal (metal) backend. These are enabled by default, but don't do anything when not targeting the corresponding OS. By @daxpedda in #4815.

Direct3D 11 Backend Removal

This backend had no functionality, and with the recent support for GL on Desktop, which allows wgpu to run on older devices, there was no need to keep this backend. By @valaphee in #4828.

WGPU_ALLOW_UNDERLYING_NONCOMPLIANT_ADAPTER Environment Variable

This adds a way to allow a Vulkan driver which is non-compliant per VK_KHR_driver_properties to be enumerated. This is intended for testing new Vulkan drivers which are not Vulkan compliant yet. By @i509VCB in #4754.

DeviceExt::create_texture_with_data allows Mip-Major Data

Previously, DeviceExt::create_texture_with_data only allowed data to be provided in layer major order. There is now a order parameter which allows you to specify if the data is in layer major or mip major order.

    let tex = ctx.device.create_texture_with_data(
        &queue,
        &descriptor,
+       wgpu::util::TextureDataOrder::LayerMajor,
        src_data,
    );

By @cwfitzgerald in #4780.

Safe & unified Surface Creation

It is now possible to safely create a wgpu::Surface with wgpu::Instance::create_surface() by letting wgpu::Surface hold a lifetime to window. Passing an owned value window to Surface will return a wgpu::Surface<'static>.

All possible safe variants (owned windows and web canvases) are grouped using wgpu::SurfaceTarget. Conversion to wgpu::SurfaceTarget is automatic for any type implementing raw-window-handle's HasWindowHandle & HasDisplayHandle traits, i.e. most window types. For web canvas types this has to be done explicitly:

let surface: wgpu::Surface<'static> = instance.create_surface(wgpu::SurfaceTarget::Canvas(my_canvas))?;

All unsafe variants are now grouped under wgpu::Instance::create_surface_unsafe which takes the wgpu::SurfaceTargetUnsafe enum and always returns wgpu::Surface<'static>.

In order to create a wgpu::Surface<'static> without passing ownership of the window use wgpu::SurfaceTargetUnsafe::from_window:

let surface = unsafe {
  instance.create_surface_unsafe(wgpu::SurfaceTargetUnsafe::from_window(&my_window))?
};

The easiest way to make this code safe is to use shared ownership:

let window: Arc<winit::Window>;
// ...
let surface = instance.create_surface(window.clone())?;

All platform specific surface creation using points have moved into SurfaceTargetUnsafe as well. For example:

Safety by @daxpedda in #4597 Unification by @wumpf in #4984

Add partial Support for WGSL Abstract Types

Abstract types make numeric literals easier to use, by automatically converting literals and other constant expressions from abstract numeric types to concrete types when safe and necessary. For example, to build a vector of floating-point numbers, naga previously made you write:

vec3<f32>(1.0, 2.0, 3.0)

With this change, you can now simply write:

vec3<f32>(1, 2, 3)

Even though the literals are abstract integers, naga recognizes that it is safe and necessary to convert them to f32 values in order to build the vector. You can also use abstract values as initializers for global constants and global and local variables, like this:

var unit_x: vec2<f32> = vec2(1, 0);

The literals 1 and 0 are abstract integers, and the expression vec2(1, 0) is an abstract vector. However, naga recognizes that it can convert that to the concrete type vec2<f32> to satisfy the given type of unit_x. The WGSL specification permits abstract integers and floating-point values in almost all contexts, but naga's support for this is still incomplete. Many WGSL operators and builtin functions are specified to produce abstract results when applied to abstract inputs, but for now naga simply concretizes them all before applying the operation. We will expand naga's abstract type support in subsequent pull requests. As part of this work, the public types naga::ScalarKind and naga::Literal now have new variants, AbstractInt and AbstractFloat.

By @jimblandy in #4743, #4755.

Instance::enumerate_adapters now returns Vec<Adapter> instead of an ExactSizeIterator

This allows us to support WebGPU and WebGL in the same binary.

- let adapters: Vec<Adapter> = instance.enumerate_adapters(wgpu::Backends::all()).collect();
+ let adapters: Vec<Adapter> = instance.enumerate_adapters(wgpu::Backends::all());

By @wumpf in #5044

device.poll() now returns a MaintainResult instead of a bool

This is a forward looking change, as we plan to add more information to the MaintainResult in the future. This enum has the same data as the boolean, but with some useful helper functions.

- let queue_finished: bool = device.poll(wgpu::Maintain::Wait);
+ let queue_finished: bool = device.poll(wgpu::Maintain::Wait).is_queue_empty();

By @cwfitzgerald in #5053

New Features

General

• Added DownlevelFlags::VERTEX_AND_INSTANCE_INDEX_RESPECTS_RESPECTIVE_FIRST_VALUE_IN_INDIRECT_DRAW to know if @builtin(vertex_index) and @builtin(instance_index) will respect the first_vertex / first_instance in indirect calls. If this is not present, both will always start counting from 0. Currently enabled on all backends except DX12. By @cwfitzgerald in #4722.
• Added support for the FLOAT32_FILTERABLE feature (web and native, corresponds to WebGPU's float32-filterable). By @almarklein in #4759.
• GPU buffer memory is released during "lose the device". By @bradwerth in #4851.
• wgpu and wgpu-core cargo feature flags are now documented on docs.rs. By @wumpf in #4886.
• DeviceLostClosure is guaranteed to be invoked exactly once. By @bradwerth in #4862.
• Log vulkan validation layer messages during instance creation and destruction: By @exrook in #4586.
• TextureFormat::block_size is deprecated, use TextureFormat::block_copy_size instead: By @wumpf in #4647.
• Rename of DispatchIndirect, DrawIndexedIndirect, and DrawIndirect types in the wgpu::util module to DispatchIndirectArgs, DrawIndexedIndirectArgs, and DrawIndirectArgs. By @cwfitzgerald in #4723.
• Make the size parameter of encoder.clear_buffer an Option<u64> instead of Option<NonZero<u64>>. By @nical in #4737.
• Reduce the info log level noise. By @nical in #4769, #4711 and #4772
• Rename features & limits fields of DeviceDescriptor to required_features & required_limits. By @teoxoy in #4803.
• SurfaceConfiguration now exposes desired_maximum_frame_latency which was previously hard-coded to 2. By setting it to 1 you can reduce latency under the risk of making GPU & CPU work sequential. Currently, on DX12 this affects the MaximumFrameLatency, on all other backends except OpenGL the size of the swapchain (on OpenGL this has no effect). By @emilk & @wumpf in #4899

OpenGL

• @builtin(instance_index) now properly reflects the range provided in the draw call instead of always counting from 0. By @cwfitzgerald in #4722.
• Desktop GL now supports POLYGON_MODE_LINE and POLYGON_MODE_POINT. By @valaphee in #4836.

naga

• naga's WGSL front end now allows operators to produce values with abstract types, rather than concretizing their operands. By @jimblandy in #4850 and #4870.
• naga's WGSL front and back ends now have experimental support for 64-bit floating-point literals: 1.0lf denotes an f64 value. There has been experimental support for an f64 type for a while, but until now there was no syntax for writing literals with that type. As before, naga module validation rejects f64 values unless naga::valid::Capabilities::FLOAT64 is requested. By @jimblandy in #4747.
• naga constant evaluation can now process binary operators whose operands are both vectors. By @jimblandy in #4861.
• Add --bulk-validate option to naga CLI. By @jimblandy in #4871.
• naga's cargo xtask validate now runs validation jobs in parallel, using the jobserver protocol to limit concurrency, and offers a validate all subcommand, which runs all available validation types. By @jimblandy in #4902.
• Remove span and validate features. Always fully validate shader modules, and always track source positions for use in error messages. By @teoxoy in #4706.
• Introduce a new Scalar struct type for use in naga's IR, and update all frontend, middle, and backend code appropriately. By @jimblandy in #4673.
• Add more metal keywords. By @fornwall in #4707.
• Add a new naga::Literal variant, I64, for signed 64-bit literals. #4711.
• Emit and init struct member padding always. By @ErichDonGubler in #4701.
• In WGSL output, always include the i suffix on i32 literals. By @jimblandy in #4863.
• In WGSL output, always include the f suffix on f32 literals. By @jimblandy in #4869.

Bug Fixes

General

• BufferMappedRange trait is now WasmNotSendSync, i.e. it is Send/Sync if not on wasm or fragile-send-sync-non-atomic-wasm is enabled. By @wumpf in #4818.
• Align wgpu_types::CompositeAlphaMode serde serialization to spec. By @littledivy in #4940.
• Fix error message of ConfigureSurfaceError::TooLarge. By @Dinnerbone in #4960.
• Fix dropping of DeviceLostCallbackC params. By @bradwerth in #5032.
• Fixed a number of panics. By @nical in #4999, #5014, #5024, #5025, #5026, #5027, #5028 and #5042.
• No longer validate surfaces against their allowed extent range on configure. This caused warnings that were almost impossible to avoid. As before, the resulting behavior depends on the compositor. By @wumpf in #4796.

DX12

• Fixed D3D12_SUBRESOURCE_FOOTPRINT calculation for block compressed textures which caused a crash with Queue::write_texture on DX12. By @DTZxPorter in #4990.

Vulkan

• Use VK_EXT_robustness2 only when not using an outdated intel iGPU driver. By @TheoDulka in #4602.

WebGPU

• Allow calling BufferSlice::get_mapped_range multiple times on the same buffer slice (instead of throwing a Javascript exception). By @DouglasDwyer in #4726.

WGL

• Create a hidden window per wgpu::Instance instead of sharing a global one. By @Zoxc in #4603

naga

• Make module compaction preserve the module's named types, even if they are unused. By @jimblandy in #4734.
• Improve algorithm used by module compaction. By @jimblandy in #4662.
• When reading GLSL, fix the argument types of the double-precision floating-point overloads of the dot, reflect, distance, and ldexp builtin functions. Correct the WGSL generated for constructing 64-bit floating-point matrices. Add tests for all the above. By @jimblandy in #4684.
• Allow naga's IR types to represent matrices with elements elements of any scalar kind. This makes it possible for naga IR types to represent WGSL abstract matrices. By @jimblandy in #4735.
• Preserve the source spans for constants and expressions correctly across module compaction. By @jimblandy in #4696.
• Record the names of WGSL alias declarations in naga IR Types. By @jimblandy in #4733.

Metal

• Allow the COPY_SRC usage flag in surface configuration. By @Toqozz in #4852.

Examples

• remove winit dependency from hello-compute example. By @psvri in #4699
• hello-compute example fix failure with wgpu error: Validation Error if arguments are missing. By @vilcans in #4939.
• Made the examples page not crash on Chrome on Android, and responsive to screen sizes. By @Dinnerbone in #4958.

• add helpers for IDXGIFactoryMedia
  • add create_swapchain_for_composition_surface_handle

• add COM helpers
  • enable D3D11 adapter use

• expose all indirect argument types
  • expose methods for setting root constants

• update libloading to 0.7

• create shader from IL
  • fix default doc target
  • debug impl for root descriptors

• resource transitions
  • dynamic library loading

• add D3DHeap
  • add root descriptor

• basic version